halogenalkanes

Question 1

what is nucleophillic substitution

Answer 1

when the halogen is substituted to snother group (OH/CN/NH2)

Question 2

what are the reagents and conditions for nucleophilic substitution forming an alcohol

Answer 2

reagent: NaOH
conditions: warm, aqueous

Question 3

what are the reagents and conditions for nucleophilic substitution forming a nitrile

Answer 3

reagent:KCN
conditions: aqueous ethanol

Question 4

what are the reagents and conditions for nucleophilic substitution forming an amine

Answer 4

reagent: NH3
conditions: excess NH3

Question 5

what are the reagents and conditions for elimination

Answer 5

reagent: NaOH
conditions: hot, in ethanol

Question 6

what factors affect substitution/elimation

Answer 6

the structure of the halogenalkanes
-primary halogensalkanes (RCH2X) favour substitution
-secondary halogenalkanes (R2CHX) favour both
-tertiary halogenalkanes (R3CX)

the base strength of the nucleophile
-aqueous = substitution
-ethsnolic = elimination

the reaction conditions
-hot = elimination
-warm = substitution