Hancock week 1, zoonosis, parasitology, mycosis Flashcards
(225 cards)
1
Q
Malaria transmission
A
anapheles mosquitos
2
Q
Malaria Cause
A
plasmodium falciparum
3
Q
Severe Malaria SX
A
unarousable coma/cerebral malaria, renal failure no imp with hydration
4
Q
Peripheral smear findings
A
thick tells you detection of parasites
thin: identification of species
5
Q
Malaria poor prognosis SX
A
marked agitation, respiratory distress, bleeding spontaneously, anuria, hypothermic,
6
Q
Chloroquine
A
lots of resistance only use when patient going to Haiti
7
Q
Mefloquine
A
taken 1x a week start 2-3 wks before to weed of psych effects travel and continue 4 wks after. Use for long travel periods (missionaries)
8
Q
Doxycycline
A
cheap commonly available take everyday up to 4 wks after return from travel Side effects: photosensitivity/ GI
9
Q
malarone
atovaquine + proguanil
A
take everyday start 2 days before entering the country and continue for 7 days after leaving the country. EXPENSIVE CI: renal dz and pregnancy. Hancock uses this plus doxy.
10
Q
Malaria Management
A
therapy based on plasmodium Consult w/ CDC
11
Q
Uncomplicated Malaria TX
A
Artemether +lumefantrine
12
Q
Malaria Haiti TX
A
Chloroquine
13
Q
Primaquine
A
can cause hemolytic anemia d/t G6PD or fava beans.
14
Q
Severe Malaria TX
A
Artesunate IV
15
Q
Schistosomiasis causative agents
A
snail fever schistosoma species
16
Q
Schistosomiasis transmission
A
blood flukes entering skin from contaminated water
17
Q
Schistosomiasis Katayama fever
A
occurs with S mansoni and S japanicum. bright red poop, vesicular rash
18
Q
Diagnostic testins Schistosomiasis
A
esonophillia
19
Q
Tx Schistomisasis
A
Praziquantel
20
Q
Toxoplasmosis causative agent
A
toxoplasma gondii
21
Q
Toxoplasmosis transmission
A
cat feces
22
Q
Toxoplasmosis Congenital vertical transmission
A
highest risk in the third trimesters eye issues
23
Q
Toxoplasmosis congenital infection early
A
early fetal infections the body makes an abortion,
24
Q
Congenital infection late
A
Retinochroiditis MC late finding and worse
25
Management of toxoplasmosis
pyrimethamine
26
Pregnant mom and toxoplasmosis
wear a mask and gloves when changing litter box, wash pork and fruits properly
27
Scabies findings
scaroptes scabiei. intense itch, serpentious tract, burrow scabies
28
flea bite difference from scabies
more disctinit lesions
29
Scabies tx
permethirin 5% cream repeat 1-2 wks
30
lice tx lindane 1% ADE
nuerotoxic side effects
31
pediculosis
transmission: hat, towewls, combs
32
Body lice complication
body louse caries epidemic typhus
33
How can you find lice
Woods lamp
34
how do you know if you have bedbugs?
get the bug get the rash
35
bedbugs management long term
malathion
36
Ascariasis causative agent
ascaris lumbricoides
37
transmission way of ascariasis
fecal oral
38
ascariasis tx
ivermectin
39
Pinworms sx
itchy butt
40
Pinworms mate site
adult male and female mate in the terminal ileocecal region tx: scotch tape test
41
pin worm Tx
pyrantel pamoate, proper hygiene treat 2 weeks apart
42
Hook worm necatoriasis
dermal to exposure to fecal contaminated soil
43
necatoriasis findings
iron deficiency micorcytic anemia, loss or protein
44
necatoriasis tx
tx with iron pills d/t deficiency
45
cysticercosis pork tapewrom
taenia slium (pork)
46
pork tapeworms finidngs
seizures, ring enhnced lesions in mri, egggs in teh stool
47
Pork tapeworms tx
Praziquantel prevention: sanitation and proper hygiene
48
beef tapewrom causative agent
taenia saginata
49
Trichinellosis transmission
trichinella spiralis eating uncooked pork
50
Trichinelosis cause of death
myocardidtis rare but causes death
51
Rocky mountain spotted fever
ricketssa richetssi
52
transmission of spotted fever
tick bites animal bites you then you get this rash
53
Rocky mountain spotted fever rash
centripital inward rash starts at wrists then comes in affects soles of feet
54
Rocky mountain spotted fever to
doxycicline 100 mg x7 days
55
Prevention of rocky mountain fever
wear clothes
56
Lyme Dz causative agent
borrelia Bugdoferi spirochete
57
Vector of Lyme dz
tick related
58
Lyme stages Stage 1
bulls eye lesion, erythema migrans
59
Lyme stage2
cranial neuropathy bilateral bell spalsy caridaca AV block
60
Lyme stage 3
neurologic manifestations chronic fatigue, chronic arhtritis
61
Lyme Diagnosis
HX AND TX!!!
62
lYM dZ CAN TEST POSTIIVE FOR CYPHILIS
So do VDRL test
63
Lyme Dz Tx
Oral doxycicline x21 days CI in pregnancy Kids under 8 d/t staining of teeth
amoxocillion and cefuroxime- increase therapy 30-60 days if neuro involvment
64
causative agents of Tularemia
francisella tularensis
65
Tularemia reservoir
rodents parie dogs
66
Tularemia Ulcerglandular
Most common kind of tularemia
67
oculoglandular tularemia
touched ur eye ulcerations in the conjuctiva after you killed the praire dog you touch yourself
68
Talareumia pnuemonia
30% likley hood of death hlar lymphnodanenopathy "lawn mover tularemia" mowed dead rabiit
69
TX Tularemia
streptomyocin, or gentamycin
70
Tularemia BW agent
developed resistant strains for war
71
Ocular tularemia Hallmark
prearicular LAD
72
Relapsing fever
fever comes and goes and fever and come chill and flush phase
73
Relapsing fevers complications
pregnancy complications, iritis, uveitis
74
Relapsing fever tx
Doxycicline
75
causative agent of Dengue Fever
dengue fever, flaviviridae
76
Dengue fever manifestations
retroorbital headache, malaisse, rash, shock, saddleback pattern where it gets better then worse
77
Dengue phases
febrile, critical, recovery
78
Febrile phase
fever, HA, rash, easy bleeidng, + torniquete test petichae
79
Critical phase Dengue hemorrhagic fever phase
massive bullae gi hemmrhage, ulcerations, dengue shock syndrome may occur
80
Dengue recovery phase
rash of white islands in the sea of red
81
Dengue fever management
supportive, avoid NSAIDS D/T Thrombocytopenia
82
Causative agent of Zika
aedes aegypti
83
Zika manifestations
mosquito borne illness, rash starting at teh face and spreading out
84
Zika clinical manifestations in pregnancy
microcephaly shrinking of the head and brain defect
85
Zika and semen
zika can be detected in semen up to 3-6 mo after initial infection
86
Zika diagnosis
serology testing avoid nsaids until dengue is ruled out
87
Zika prevention
avoid mosquitos, sex, use condoms 8 weeks after travel, vertical mom to fetus transtion
88
Ebola Hemorrhagic fever causative agent
ebola virus reservoir fruit bats
89
Geographic area of Ebola
africa west and central
90
Transmission of ebola
humans and primates w/ high mortality
91
Ebola transmission
consuming bushmeats, bats, gorillas, chimps, shrew, dead bodies
92
Ebola resvoir
fruit bats
93
Ebola sx
turns internal organs in to garbage, if a hole, bleeds
94
Ebola tx
supportive
95
Western nile virus
vector mosquitos
96
manifestations Western nile
fevers, ha, encephalation less than 1 %
97
western nile mortallty
will have neurologica sequela if they get encephalitis
98
west nile tx
supportive
99
Wester equine virus
encephalitis mostly in kids.
100
western equine tx
supportive
101
mosquito japanese encephalitis
asia and western pacific regions and common after heavy rainfall mortality 30%
102
Japanease encephalitis tx
vaccines and supportive
103
Mosquitos borne eastern equine encephalitis
the most sever mosquitos borne illness in the US, progresses from mental status change, seizures and coma
104
eastern equine tx
supportive
105
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reservoir
deer mice sin nombre virus inhalation from mice saliva, poop.
106
Hantavirus prodromal, cardiopulmonary, convalescent
Three phases
107
Cardiovascular collapse hanta virus
pulmonary edema, dyspnea, cardiovascular collapse
108
convalescent phase hanta virus
onset of massive diuresis
109
Hantavirus TX
antiviral ribavirin ICU may help
110
Plagues causative agent
Yersina pestis
111
Vector of plague
rat flea
112
plagues reservoir
rats, mice, rodents, foxes, coyotes, wild cats
113
Bubonic plague
MC form of the dz by bite of infected flea big lymph-nodes
114
Bubos are ?
open ulcers
115
Bubonic plague named black bc
blood clots leading to arteriolar obstruction and gangrene
116
Pneumonic plague
inhaled into lungs peron to person or BW
117
Pneumonic plague
1-6 days after exposure pneumonia occurs
118
Pneumonic plague
high mortality rapid decline respiratory failure
119
Septisemic plague
gets into the blood sudden insent of fever no bullae high high mortality rate
120
Plague testing
leukocytosis with immature neutrophils sample the fluid
121
Plague TX
Streptomyocin and gentamyocin
122
Rabies causative agent
rhabdoviridae
123
Rabies
bats and doggos
124
Rabies and severity/ development
Wound severity wound location in relation to the nerves and relative distance to the brain
125
Rabies
fatal viral encephalitis
126
Rabies and corneal transplant
CAN GIVE YOU RABIES
127
Rabies manifestation
Rabies treated right away you are good. vaccine tx and rabies immunoglobin if in first 72 hours. if not then your screwed
128
Rabies manifestation
hydrophobia inability to drink, laryngeal spasm
129
Two types of rabies
furious rabies more common the second type paralytic rabies
130
Furious rabies
aggressive, agitaion, hypertension, tachy, hydrophobia
131
Paralytic rabies
confusion, loss of coordination, stupor, ascending paralysis
132
Rabies dx
virus antigen and PCR indetification of virus in the NEGRI BODIES
133
Rabies tx
clean wound soap and water capture animal if possible destroyed and send evaluation of brain tissue
134
Rabies tx
passive immunizations administer human rabies to the wound and immunoglobulin
135
Rabies tx active immunizations
three IM doses in the deltoid or thigh over a 28 day period
136
Cat scratch DZ
bartonella henselae
137
cat thing Vector
cat flea
138
cat dz resevoir
kitten
139
cat scratch dz
linear papules and nodules refelct cat scrathc
140
Cat scrathc dx manifestations rare
meningitis, osteomyolitis, endocarditis
141
Cat scratch DZ
parinuads oculoglandular syndrome conjuctivitis
142
scrtach cat tx dz
azithrmycin
143
Cat Bite Pasteurella multocida
encapsulated gram negative rod do not suture these closed
144
Pateurella mulocida hallmark
cellulitis near the bite and complicated by osetomyilitis
145
tx pasteruella multocida
augementin
146
causative agent Chagas Dz
trypanosoma cruzi
147
chagoma
localized erythema and edema where parasite entered the skin
148
romana sign
painless palpebral edema and conjuctivitis
149
tramsmission Chagas DZ
mom to baby, contaminated food water
150
chagas phase acute
showing of chagoma and romana sign
151
chagas intermediate/ chronic phase
state of latency
152
Chagas chronic
dilated cardiomyopathy, megaesophagus,achlasia, megacolon
153
Psittacosis causative agent
chlamydia psittaci comes from BIRDS SHIT
154
Psittacosis manifestations
atypical pneumonia, sever HA, w /photophobia ,
155
TX Psitttacosis
DOXYCICLINE OR TETRACYCLINE RAPID IMPORVEMNT, Z PAK CAN HELP
156
Causative agent of Brucellosis
brucella found in sheep
157
Manifestations of Brucellosis
effects, lungs, heart, eyes
158
Tx Brucellosis
cipro+ rifambin or +doxy
159
Where is HIV the worse
Africa hardest hit area
160
Who should get tested for HIV
everyone ages 15-65 regardless of risk at least 1 time
161
Healthcare workers how do they get it
Needle sticks on accident cries
162
CD4 Count under 200
opportunistic infections start to present
163
CD4 count
measure status of immune system and dz progression
164
Viral load serology
measures efficacy of HAART therapy
165
Viral load vs CD4 count
The higher the CD4 count the more response to the virus.
166
HIV initial manifestation
mimics mono truncal macular papular rash this phase 3 days 2 wks
167
Seropositive
longest HIV phase, no sx of HIV infection phase lasts 4-7 yrs.
168
"Pre Aids" symptomatic HIV infection
persistent lymphadenopathy, fungal infections, hairy leukoplakia, molluscum contagious
169
AIDS
Marked immune suppression malignancies and infections begin CD4 count below 200
170
HIV Transmission
male sex, IV drug abuse, hetero sex, perinatal transmission
171
Can I get HIV from saliva and tears
no
172
What is the highest risk
unprotected anal and receptive intercourse
173
Latex condoms
70 to 80% decrease in risk
174
Cocaine injection sex
bartering for sex higher risk
175
Vertical Transmission
in utero, childbirth, breast feeding
176
Breast feeding
50% increase risk with prolonged breast feeding
177
perinatal transmission
most common transmission of HIV to children
178
Postexposure prophylaxis for HIV
emtricitabine, raltegravir, tenofovir Continue for 4 wks
179
HIv post : efavirenz
side effect: CNS
180
hiv post: Indinavir
crystal induced nephropathy
181
HIV TX post: protease inhibitors
end in navir- inhibits protease
182
Pharmacokinetic enhancers
goal to improve efficacy of antivrial agents by affing this agent
183
HIV Pre exposure drug
Truvada = emtricitabine and tenofovir
184
Defer Therapy
inability to adhere to therapy, high CD4 count
185
CD4 COUNT THRUSH tx
nystatin spit and swish
186
Kaposi sarcoma
cancer cause by HHV 8 black purple, brown papular lesions
187
Pneumocystis jiroveci
aids defininf illness, bat wing pattern on cxr
188
pneumocystitis pneumonia prophylaxis
TMP/SMX BACTRIM
189
ISOSPORIASIS
AIDS DEFNING DZ
190
Esophageal candidiasis
sx- retrosternal cp and pain when swallowing, Diagnostic test upper endoscopy tx: systemic antifungals
191
cd4 count under 100 cryptococcosis
yeast causing disseminated dz, meningitis
192
Toxoplasmosis tx
pyrimethamine
193
cryptosporiodiosis
protozoa infection in small bowel causing diarrhea
194
cytomegalovirus
retinitis with scotoma vision floater and esophagitis
195
women and aids
9th leading cause of death
196
Gender specific findings women
recurrant yeast infections, hpv dysplasia, increased toxicity w/ anitvirals
197
How do children get HIV
transplacental
198
Elderly and HIV
this population less knowledgeable of HIV and prevention
199
Pre exposure prophalaxis
emtricitabine/ tenofovir DF
200
intial assesment before prep
HIV test negative r/o previous HIV
201
PReP prescription
Emtricitabine/ TDF daily Truvada 1 tablet orally for 90 days
202
How often test for HIV antibody
every 3 months
203
causative agent Aspergillosis
aspergillus fumigatus
204
asperigilosis Most common found in
post transplant children
205
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
attacks patients with chronic lung disease, asthma or cystic fibrosis
206
chronic aspergillosis
chronic lung dz but no immunocompromised state
207
Aspergilosis tumor
found in cxr ring enhanced lesion
208
invasive aspergillosis found in
hematopoitec stem cell transplant patient Most common is pulmonary dz
209
Ct finiding of halo
suggests invasive asperigillosis
210
blastomycosis
dismorphic fungus
211
blastomycosis yeast
at 37 degrees celsius
212
blastomycosis mold
at 25 degrees celcius
213
blastomycosis cxr
mediastinum w/ LAD
214
blastomycosis Mild moderate DZ
itraconazole
215
blastomycosis severe DZ
amphotericin B
216
coccidiodomycois
aka san joaquin valley fever
217
coccidiodomycosis spread
via inhalation due to disturbed soil
218
coccidioidomycosis cxr
granulomas
219
cryptococcosis gatti found
in pigeon poop definifn aids dz
220
cryptococcosis manifestations
nuchal rigidity and meningeal signs less likely in HIV
221
histoplasmosis
dismorphic mold at 25 c and yeast 37 c
222
histoplasmosis favors
soil and with bird and bat poop
223
histoplasmosis spread to
the spleen and liver from the lungs
224
histoplasmosis and fatality
not fatal typically
225
cxr finidng of mucormycosis
reverse halo
