Hand

Question 1

CMC joint- thumb articulation

Answer 1

Trapezium and base of metacarpal 1

Question 2

MCP joint- thumb articulation

Answer 2

Head of first metacarpal, base of first proximal phalanx

Question 3

Ip joint-thumb articulation

Answer 3

Head of proximal phalanx, base of distal phalanx

Question 4

Cmc joint 2-5

Answer 4

Trapezoid, second. Capitate, third. Hamate, fourth and fifth

Question 5

Mcp joint 2-5

Answer 5

Had a first metacarpal, base of first proximal phalanx

Question 6

Pip joint 2-5

Answer 6

Head of proximal phalanx, base of middle phalanx

Question 7

Dip joint 2-5

Answer 7

Head of middle phalanx, bees of distal phalanx

Question 8

CmC flexion of thumb

Answer 8

Frontal plane, sagittal axis. Thumb toward fifth digit. Parallel plane

Question 9

Cmc extension of thumb

Answer 9

Frontal plane, sagittal axis

Thumb away from fifth digit

Question 10

CmC abduction of thumb

Answer 10

Sagittal plane, frontal axis.

Thumb away from palm into perpendicular plane

Question 11

Cmc adduction of thumb

Answer 11

Sagittal plane, frontal axis.

Thumb toward palm

Question 12

Mcp abduction 2-5

Answer 12

Second, fourth, fifth digit away from third digit. Their digit in either direction

Question 13

Mcp adduction 2-5

Answer 13

Second, fourth, fifth digits move back toward third digit. Third digit cannot adduction.

Question 14

CmC joint thumb- structure

Answer 14

Trapezium (concave) , base of first metacarpal (convex). Biaxial saddle joint

Sagg plane: ad&abduction
Frontal plane: flx&exd

Sag plane: Thumb during abduction, some moving anteriorly and base of the first metacarpal moving posteriorly. Opposite direction

Frontal: trapezium is convex, base of 1st metacarpal is concave. Same direction

Question 15

Mcp and Ip joint structure-thumb

Answer 15

Both uniaxial hinge joints. Flexion and extension in sagittal plane. Concave on convex. Same direction

Question 16

CmC joint structure 2-5

Answer 16

Non-axial plane shaped synovial joint. Sliding in gliding, more at digits four and five.

Question 17

Mcp joint structure 2-5

Answer 17

By axial condyle joint. Flexion and extension and sagittal plane, abduction and adduction in frontal plane. Concave on convex, same direction. Heads of metacarpal, bases of proximal phalanx.

Question 18

Pip and dip joint structure

Answer 18

Uniaxial hinge joint. Flexion and extension in sagittal plane. Concave on convex, same direction.

Pip: heads of proximal phalanx, bases of middle phalanx

Dip: heads of middle phalanx, bases of distal phalanx

Question 19

Palmar carpal ligament

Answer 19

Proximal, styloid processes of radius and Ulna. Holds a flexor tendons down

Question 20

Transverse carpal ligament

Answer 20

Medially on Pisiform and hook of hamate. Laterally on scaphoid and trapezium

Question 21

Carpal tunnel

Answer 21

Median nerve compressed, digits one, two, three

Question 22

Extensor retinaculum

Answer 22

Ulnar styloid process, Triquetum.

Holds down extensor tendons

Question 23

Extensor expansion ligament. Extensor hood, 2-5

Answer 23

Attachment on middle and distal phalanx’s for many muscles

Question 24

Arches of hand, proximal carpal arch

Answer 24

Carpals and proximal end of metacarpals

Question 25

Arches of hand, distill carpal arch

Answer 25

Head of metacarpals

Question 26

Arches of hand, longitudinal arch

Answer 26

Wrist, through to the tips of fingers

Question 27

Prehension

Answer 27

Hans ability to hold our grasp in manipulate objects. Non-prehensile activities include scratching using the palm to push, pointing. In order for functional prehension to occur, the proximal segment of the upper extremity must place the hand and appropriate position in space

Question 28

Release

Answer 28

Being able to release an object in equally as important as grasping object. Role of MP and IP extensors

Question 29

Sensation

Answer 29

In order to manipulate objects, the hand must have normal sensation! Without sensation one would be dependent on visual feedback alone Radio, median, Aller nerves provide the hand with its sensory innervation

Question 30

Functional position of the hand

Answer 30

Optimal position for the wrist and hand to be most effective in terms of strength and precision, rest at 20-30 degrees and extension, MCP and P IP joint are slightly flexed in the thumb is in opposition

Question 31

Power grip

Answer 31

When I object needs to be held forcefully when being moved. Occurs at proximal joint segment, fingers usually wrap around the object in One Direction and the thumb in the other.

Question 32

Cylindrical drip grip

Answer 32

Fingers are flexed around an object in orientation perpendicular to the forearm, some wraps around objects in other direction overlapping fingers, holding a hammer

Question 33

Cylindrical grip variation

Answer 33

Fingers flexed around hand of an object in a graded fashion, fifth finger flexed the most and second finger flexed the least. Thumb is parallel to handle of object. Holding a screwdriver

Question 34

Spherical grip

Answer 34

Fingers and thumb or slightly spread apart in adducted around an object. Holding a doorknob

Question 35

Hook grip

Answer 35

Flexion of digits 2–5 around an object in a hook like matter, does not use thumb. Holding a handle of suitcase

Question 36

Precision grip

Answer 36

When an object needs to be manipulated in a finer movement, threading a needle or holding a pen

Question 37

Pad to pad grip

Answer 37

Bringing the pads of the foam in one or several fingers together

Question 38

Pinch grip

Answer 38

Pad to pad grip involving the thumb and one finger most commonly the index finger

Question 39

Three jaw chuck, tripod grasp

Answer 39

Most common form of precision a grip, pad to pad grip involving the thumb and two fingers usually the middle and index fingers, holding a pen

Question 40

Tip to tip, pincer grip

Answer 40

Bringing the tip off the phone I'm up against the tip of another digit, picking up a coin

Question 41

Pad to side grip

Answer 41

The pad of the extended some presses an object against the radio side of the index finger, grasping a key to put it in the ignition. Can't be performed by a person who has lost thumb opposition

Question 42

Side to side grip

Answer 42

An object being held between two adopted fingers usually the index finger in the middle finger, weak grip, twirling a pen holding a cigarette

Question 43

Lumbrical grip

Answer 43

MCP joint flexed and PIP and D IP extended with the thumb opposing the fingers holding in the object, holding a plate. When something needs to be held horizontally