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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > Hand and Foot Bones > Flashcards

Hand and Foot Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What two functions can the hands perform?

A

Gross motor and fine motor

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2
Q

What is a gross motor movement?

A

A movement which allows us to move large objects or perform heavy tasks.

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3
Q

What is a fine motor movement?

A

A movement which allows us to perform delicate tasks such as holding small objects or performing detailed work (i.e. writing).

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4
Q

What three segments is the hand broken into?

A

Wrist
Palm
Phalanges

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5
Q

What is the wrist?

A

The wrist is the connection point between the forearm and the hand.

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6
Q

How many bones are in the palm?

A

13

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7
Q

What two parts is the palm broken into?

A

Carpal
Metacarpal

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8
Q

How many bones are in the carpal?

A

8

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9
Q

How many bones are in the metacarpal?

A

5

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10
Q

How many bones are in the phalanges?

A

14

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11
Q

How many phalanges does each finger have, and what are their names?

A

3
Distal, Middle, Proximal

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12
Q

How many phalanges does each thumb have, and what are their names?

A

2
Distal and Proximal

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13
Q

Name two carpal bones.

A

Scaphoid
Trapezium

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14
Q

What is the wrist joint also known as?

A

Radiocarpal joint

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15
Q

What is a characteristic of the wrist joint?

A

High mobility

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16
Q

What kind of joint is the wrist?

A

Condyloid joint

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17
Q

What movements does the wrist joint allow?

A

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

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18
Q

What is the midcarpal joint?

A

A series of plane joints between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones.

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19
Q

What does the midcarpal joint increase?

A

Hand flexibility

20
Q

What are carpometacarpal joints?

A

They are the five joints which articulate the distal row of the carpal bones and the proximal ends of the metacarpal bones.

21
Q

What is the anatomical name for the thumb joint?

A

Trapeziometacarpal joint

22
Q

What kind of joint is the thumb joint?

A

A saddle joint

23
Q

What is one of the most specialised and flexible joints in the human body?

A

The thumb joint

24
Q

What is an MCP joint ?

A

Metacarpophalangeal joints

25
Q

Where are the MCP joints found?

A

Between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers.

26
Q

What is a PIP joint?

A

Proximal interphalangeal joint

27
Q

What is a DIP joint?

A

Distal interphalangeal joint

28
Q

Where are the PIP and DIP joints found?

A

Between the phalanges

29
Q

What are the three sections the feet are divided into?

A

Hindfoot
Midfoot
Forefoot

30
Q

What does the hindfoot form?

A

Heel and the ankle

31
Q

What forms the ankle joint?

A

The talus bone supports the tibia.

32
Q

What is the largest bone in the foot?

A

The calcaneus (heel bone)

33
Q

What does the midfoot form?

A

The arches of the feet.

34
Q

What does the midfoot include?

A

Three cuneiform bones
Cuboid bone
Navicular bone (tarsal)

35
Q

What does the forefoot include?

A

5 longer bones (metatarsals)
5 toes (phalanges)

36
Q

Name two tarsal bones.

A

Talus
Calcaneus

37
Q

What is the ankle joint also known as?

A

Tibiotarsal joint

38
Q

What kind of joint is the ankle joint?

A

A hinge joint, made up of tibia and talus

39
Q

What are the main movements of the ankle joint?

A

Plantarflexion
Dorsiflexion

40
Q

What is the ankle joint arranged to resist?

A

High mechanical stresses several times our body weight during walking and physical activities.

41
Q

What groups of ligaments give the ankle joint stability?

A

Lateral and medial ligaments

42
Q

What is the subtalar joint also known as?

A

Talocalcaneal joint

43
Q

What kind of joint is the subtalar?

A

Plane joint

44
Q

Where is the subtalar joint formed?

A

Between the posterior articular surfaces of the two tarsal bones, talus and calcaneus.

45
Q

What does the subtalar joint allow?

A

Eversion and Inversion.

46
Q

What do the subtalar joints provide?

A

Provide mobility to the foot and can adapt to variation in surfaces.

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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