Hand and wrist anatomy

Question 1

It is also known as transverse carpal ligament

Answer 1

Flexor retinaculum

Question 2

Thickening of deep fascia that holds the long flexor tendons in position at the wrist

Answer 2

Flexor retinaculum

Question 3

Where is the flexor retinaculum stretched across?

Answer 3

front of the wrist

Question 4

Converts the concave anterior surface of the wrist into an osseofascial tunnel, the carpal tunnel

Answer 4

Flexor retinaculum

Question 5

Where is the flexor retinaculum medially attached?

Answer 5

Pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate

Question 6

Where is the flexor retinaculum laterally attached?

Answer 6

Tubercle of the scaphoid and the trapezium bones

Question 7

Describe the attachment of flexor retinaculum to the trapezium

Answer 7

Consists of superficial and deep parts and forms a synovial-line tunnel for passage of the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

Question 8

Corresponds to the distal transverse skin crease in the front of the wrist and is continuous with the deep fascia of the forearm

Answer 8

Proximal border of flexor retinaculum

Question 9

The distal border of flexor retinaculum is…

Answer 9

Attached to the palmar aponeurosis

Question 10

Passage of the median nerve and the flexor tendons of the thumb and fingers

Answer 10

Carpal tunnel

Question 11

Deeply concave on its anterior surface and forms a bony gutter

Answer 11

Carpal tunnel

Question 12

Bones of the hand and flexor retinaculum

Answer 12

Carpal tunnel

Question 13

Has restricted space between the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi radialis muscles

Answer 13

Carpal tunnel

Question 14

The long flexor tendons to the fingers and thumb pass through this tunnel, and are accompanied by the median nerve

Answer 14

Carpal tunnel

Question 15

Only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel

Answer 15

Median nerve

Question 16

The median nerve is associated with this health condition

Answer 16

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 17

Flexor retinaculum: structures pass superficially (medial-lateral)

Answer 17

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, palmar cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, palmaris longus tendon (if present), palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve

Question 18

Flexor retinaculum: structures pass deeply (medial-lateral)

Answer 18

Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons, flexor digitorum profundus (share synovial sheath with FDS), median nerve, flexor pollicis longus tendon, flexor carpi radialis tendon

Question 19

The anatomical snuffbox is also known as…

Answer 19

Radial fossa

Question 20

Where is the radial fossa located?

Answer 20

Base at the wrist and apex directed at the thumb, or posterolateral side of the wrist and the 1st metacarpal by the extensor tendons passing into the thumb

Question 21

The tendon of the extensor pollicis longus is the ___ border of the ____.

Answer 21

ulnar (medial), anatomical snuffbox/radial fossa

Question 22

These are the radial (lateral) borders of the radial fossa.

Answer 22

Tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis, tendon of the abductor pollicis longus

Question 23

What is the proximal border of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 23

Styloid process of the radius

Question 24

These are the floor boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox.

Answer 24

Carpal bones, scaphoid, trapezium

Question 25

The skin is the ___ border of the radial fossa.

Answer 25

Roof

Question 26

Passes obliquely through the anatomical snuffbox and lies adjacent to scaphoid and trapezium.

Answer 26

Radial artery

Question 27

This associated area on the back of the hand innervates the dorsal surface of the lateral digits.

Answer 27

Branch of radial nerve

Question 28

Crosses the anatomical snuffbox to the anterolateral aspect of the forearm

Answer 28

Cephalic vein

Question 29

Arises from dorsal venous network of the hand

Answer 29

Cephalic vein

Question 30

Most commonly fractured carpal bone

Answer 30

Scaphoid

Question 31

What is the other term for scaphoid fracture?

Answer 31

Foosh

Question 32

Why is the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after fracture?

Answer 32

'Retrograde blood supply' enters at is distal end

Question 33

The extensor retinaculum is the thickening of deep fascia that stretches across which area of the wrist?

Answer 33

Across the back of the wrist

Question 34

It holds the long extensor tendons in position and converts the grooves on the posterior surface of the distal ends of the radius and ulna into 6 separate tunnels for the passage of the long extensor tendons

Answer 34

Extensor retinaculum

Question 35

Tunnels are each line with ____ sheath that extends proximal and distal to the retinaculum on the tendons

Answer 35

Synovial

Question 36

They are separated from one another by fibrous septa that extend from the deep surface of the retinaculum to the underlying bones.

Answer 36

Tunnels

Question 37

Where is the extensor retinaculum medially attached?

Answer 37

Pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate

Question 38

Where is the extensor retinaculum laterally attached?

Answer 38

Distal end of the radius

Question 39

The upper border of the extensor retinaculum is continuous with the deep fascia of the ____.

Answer 39

Forearm

Question 40

The lower border of the extensor retinaculum is continuous with the deep fascia of the ____.

Answer 40

Hand

Question 41

Extensor retinaculum: structures pass superficially (medial-lateral)

Answer 41

Dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve, basilic vein, cephalic vein, superficial branch of the radial nerve

Question 42

Extensor retinaculum: structures pass deeply (medial-lateral)

Answer 42

Extensor carpi ulnaris tendon, extensor digiti minimi tendon, extensor digitorum and extensor indicis tendons, extensor pollicis longus tendon, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tendons, abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons

Question 43

Forms the thenar eminence in the lateral surface of the palm

Answer 43

Thenar muscles

Question 44

Thenar muscles are responsible for the...

Answer 44

Opposition of the thumb

Question 45

Innervation of thenar muscles

Answer 45

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (except the adductor pollicis)

Question 46

Quadrangular muscle that lies deep to the APB and lateral to the FPB

Answer 46

Opponens Pollicis

Question 47

What does the Opponens Pollicis do?

Answer 47

Opposes the thumb, flexes and rotates 1st metacarpal medially at the carpometacarpal joint opposition

Question 48

Muscle that assists the opponens pollicis during early stages of opposition by rotting proximal phalanx slightly medially

Answer 48

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Question 49

Short abductor of the thumb that forms the anterolateral part of the thenar eminence

Answer 49

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Question 50

What does the Flexor Pollicis Brevis do?

Answer 50

Flexes the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacapophalangeal joints

Question 51

Short flexor of the thumb that aids in its opposition, located medially to the APB

Answer 51

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Question 52

Large, triangular muscle with two heads (artery passes anteriorly through the space between these 2 heads)

Answer 52

Adductor pollicis

Question 53

Adductor pollicis head with origin of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones

Answer 53

Oblique head

Question 54

Adductor pollicis head with origin of 3rd metacarpal bone

Answer 54

Transverse head

Question 55

Adducts the thumb, moving it to the palm of the hand, gives power to grip

Answer 55

Adductor Pollicis

Question 56

Produces the hypothenar eminence on the medial side of the palm and moves the little finger

Answer 56

Hypothenar muscles

Question 57

Found in the hypothenar compartment along with the 5th metacarpal

Answer 57

Hypothenar muscles

Question 58

Innervation of hypothenar muscles

Answer 58

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 59

Thenar muscles

Answer 59

Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicies

Question 60

Hypothenar muscles

Answer 60

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

Question 61

Most superficial muscle that abducts the 5th finger and helps flex its proximal phalanx

Answer 61

Abductor digiti minimi

Question 62

Lies lateral to the abductor digiti minimi, flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 62

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 63

Quandrangular muscle that lies deep to the abductor and flexor of the 5th finger

Answer 63

Opponens digiti minimi

Question 64

Draws the 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it laterally, acts exclusively at the carpometacarpal joint

Answer 64

Opponens digiti minimi

Question 65

Intrinsic hand muscles

Answer 65

Lumbricals, interossei, palmaris brevis

Question 66

How many lumbricals are there?

Answer 66

4

Question 67

Lumbricals origin

Answer 67

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Question 68

Flexes the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend at the interphalangeal joints

Answer 68

Lumbricals

Question 69

Lumbricals insertion

Answer 69

extensor expansion of medial 4 fingers

Question 70

Lumbricals nerve supply and nerve roots

Answer 70

1st and 2nd: median nerve, 3rd and 4th: deep branch of ulnar nerve, Nerve roots: C8-T11

Question 71

Located between the metacarpals that produce the flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints

Answer 71

Interossei

Question 72

How many interossei are there?

Answer 72

8

Question 73

2 groups of interossei

Answer 73

Palmar interossei (PAD), dorsal interossei (DAB)

Question 74

Small, thin muscle found superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of hypothenar eminence that corrugates skin to improve grip of palm

Answer 74

Palmaris brevis

Question 75

Where does palmaris brevis originate?

Answer 75

flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis

Question 76

The palmaris brevis is innervated by...

Answer 76

superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 77

A direct continuation of the ulnar artery entering the palm, curves laterally behind the palmar aponeurosis and in the front of the long flexor tendons

Answer 77

Superficial palmar arch

Question 78

Superficial palmar arch is completed on the ____ side by one of the branches of the _____ artery.

Answer 78

Lateral, radial

Question 79

Where is the curve of the superficial palmar arch located?

Answer 79

Across the palm, level with the distal border of the fully extended thumb

Question 80

Arose from the convexity of the arch and pass to the fingers

Answer 80

4 digital arteries

Question 81

Each common palmar digital artery divides into...

Answer 81

a pair of proper digital arteries which run along the adjacent sides of 2nd-4th digits

Question 82

Three common palmar digital arteries anastomose with...

Answer 82

palmar metacarpal arteries from the deep palmar arch

Question 83

Arises in front of the flexor retinaculum, passes between the abductor digiti minimi and the flexor digiti minimi, and joins the radial artery to complete the deep palmar arch

Answer 83

Deep branch of the ulnar artery

Question 84

Direct continuation of the radial artery, enters through the anatomical snuffbox

Answer 84

Deep palmar arch

Question 85

Superior branch sent by deep palmar arch

Answer 85

takes part in the anastomosis around in the wrist joint

Question 86

Inferior branch sent by deep palmar arch

Answer 86

joins the digital branches of the superficial palmar arch

Question 87

It curves medially beneath the long flexor tendons and in front of the metacarpal bones and interosseous muscles

Answer 87

Deep palmar arch

Question 88

Where does the curve of deep palmar arch lie?

Answer 88

at a level with the proximal border of the extended thumb

Question 89

The deep palmar arch gives rise to...

Answer 89

3 palmar metacarpal arteries and princeps pollicis artery

Question 90

Where is the deep palmar arch completed

Answer 90

on the medial side by the deep branch of the ulnar artery

Question 91

How many phalanges do you have in each hand?

Answer 91

14

Question 92

What belongs to the proximal row of carpal bones?

Answer 92

Triquetral

Question 93

[not a question] Mnemonics: Carpal Bones --- Scared : Scaphoid Lovers : Lunate Try : Triquetrum Positions : Pisiform That : Trapezium They : Trapezoid Can't : Capitate Handle : Hamate

Answer 93

[not an answer] mnemonics

Question 94

10 structures which pass through the carpal tunnel

Answer 94

Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon), flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons)

Question 95

The pulse you feel in the anatomic snuffbox emanates from the...

Answer 95

radial artery

Question 96

These muscles are primarily responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers of the hand

Answer 96

Interossei muscles