Handout 5

Question 1

a process wherein a new string of information is added to an existing unit to form a new unit of information. a new datagram is formed by adding headers and trailers to a data payload

Answer 1

encapsulation

Question 2

reverse process of encapsulation, wherein the header and tail of a packet are removed to obtain the data payload

Answer 2

decapsulation

Question 3

can be considered as the information to be transmitted

Answer 3

data payload

Question 4

a data unit that is exchanged and transmitted on a network. it is in the format of header+data payload+tail

Answer 4

packet

Question 5

the information segment added before the data payload during packet assembly to facilitate information transmission

Answer 5

header

Question 6

the information segment added after the payload to facilitate information transmission

Answer 6

tail

Question 7

a specific block of information transferred over a network. it is often used in reference to the OSI model, since it describes the different types of data that are transferred from each layer

Answer 7

protocol data unit (PDU)

Question 8

raw bits (1s or 0s) transmitted physically via the hardware

Answer 8

physical layer

Question 9

a frame (or series of bits)

Answer 9

data link layer

Question 10

a packet that contains the source and destination address

Answer 10

network layer

Question 11

a segment that includes a TCP header and data

Answer 11

transport layer

Question 12

the data passed to the network connection

Answer 12

session layer

Question 13

the data formatted for presentation

Answer 13

presentation layer

Question 14

the data received or transmitted by a software application

Answer 14

application layer

Question 15

it defines a packet an an addressing scheme, transfers data between the internet layer and network access layer, and routes packets to remote hosts

Answer 15

internet protocol (IP)

Question 16

it refers to a TCP/IP protocol that handles errors and controls the process of sending data between computers. specifically, routers and hosts use this to send reports of problems about packets that return to the original source that sent the packet. it also includes an echo request/reply that is used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding

Answer 16

internet control message protocol (ICMP)

Question 17

refers to a TCP/IP protocol that handles multicasting/ hosts use this to keep local routers apprised of their membership in multicast groups

Answer 17

internet group management protocol (IGMP)

Question 18

refers to a TCP/IP protocol that obtains the physical address of a node from a specific IP number, it is used to dynamically bind a high-level IP address to a low-level physical hardware address and is used across a single physical network. it is limited to networks that support hardware broadcast

Answer 18

address resolution protocol (ARP)

Question 19

refers to a TCP/IP protocol that allows a host with no local permanent data storage media to find its internet address given its physical address

Answer 19

reverse address resolution protocol (RARP)

Question 20

refers to a family of LANs, covered by a group of IEEE 802.3 standards, it is a best-effort delivery system that uses a CSMA/CD access method

Answer 20

ethernet

Question 21

refers to the protocol used for data transfer across a serial line

Answer 21

point-to-point protocol (PPP_

Question 22

a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable

Answer 22

fiber distributed data interface (FDDI)

Question 23

refers to a wide area protocol that features high data rates and equal-sized packets/cells suitable for text, audio, and video data transfer

Answer 23

asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)

Question 24

this is a WAN protocol for LAN internetworking that provides a fast and efficient method of transmitting information from one user device to another across multiple switches and routers

Answer 24

frame relay

Question 25

this protocol is used when a network terminal needs to pass data from one segment to another without changing its current IP address information

Answer 25

proxy ARP

Question 26

basic element of data communication networks, which is the process of selecting paths on a network along which packets are sent from a source to a destination

Answer 26

routing

Question 27

enables a router to compare the destination address to the available routes in its routing table and to select the best path

Answer 27

path determination

Question 28

these are the path information used to guide packet forwarding

Answer 28

routes

Question 29

a network device that forwards packets to a destination subnet based on routes

Answer 29

routing device (router

Question 30

it is the overall network-wide process of finding the most efficient path for forwarding the IP packet from source to destination through the use of network routing tables, protocols, and algorithms

Answer 30

packet routing

Question 31

it identifies a destination subnet

Answer 31

destination

Question 32

it identifies a subnet together with a destination IP address

Answer 32

mask

Question 33

it indicates the interface through which a data packet is sent out of the local router

Answer 33

outbound interface

Question 34

it indicates the next-hop address used by the router to forward the data packet to the destination subnet

Answer 34

next hop

Question 35

it is simply a passing or moving of information between interfaces

Answer 35

packet forwarding

Question 36

refers to the way a packet is handled by the underlying physical networks under the control of the network layer

Answer 36

packet delivery

Question 37

occurs when the IP node forwards a packet to its final destination in the network

Answer 37

direct delivery

Question 38

occurs when the IP node forwards a packet to an intermediate node because the final destination is not on a directly attached network

Answer 38

indirect deliver

Question 39

it is a database that contains information about which router network interface or port to place information to send it to a particular network segment

Answer 39

routing taable

Question 40

cost is also known as

Answer 40

metric

Question 41

routes that are automatically generated by devices and point to local directly connected networks, these are routes destined for the subnets to which directly connected interfaces belong

Answer 41

direct routes

Question 42

these routes are manually configured by network administrators, this can be an effective method for networks with small and simple structures and reduce the effect of bandwidth and CPU resource consumption that occurs when other protocols are implemented

Answer 42

static rotues