Hardware&Storage Flashcards
CPU consists of what? (3 marks)
- ALU: Arithmetic and logic units
- Registers and buses
- Control units
What is a microprocessor (1 mark)
An integrated circuit on a chip
What do all of these components do? (6 marks)
PC
MAR
MDR
CIR
ALU
ACC
Program counter: it will increment by 1 to keep track of the next instruction to go through FDE cycle
Memory Address Registers: It will contain the current instructions’s adresses in the RAM
Memory Data Registers: It will contain the actual data of the current instruction from the memory
Current Instruction Register: Hold current instruction’s data to be decoded and executed
Arithmetic and logic units: performs arithmetics calculations and logical calculations
Accumulator: Stores calculations from ALU
What are the 3 types of busses and their directions (6 marks)
Data bus: Bidirectional
Address bus: Unidirectional (CPU -> Memory)
Control bus: Bidirectional
Describe THE FULL PROCESS OF the fetch cycle (4 marks)
- The program counter will be increment by 1 to process the next instruction to go through FDE cycle.
- The memory address register will use the address bus to go to the memory to take the address of the current instructions
- The memory data register will use the data bus to go from the memory to the CPU after has taken the actual data of the current instruction.
- The current instruction register will hold the data of the current instruction to be decoded and excuted.
Factors affecting performance of CPU ( 3 marks)
Cores: each cores will run FDE cycles simultaneously and independently.
Caches: a small memory close to the CPU for faster access
Clock speed: how many instructions are processed in one second
Describe execute cycle (1 mark)
The ALU will do the calculations and ACC will store it
What is an embedded system ( 1 mark)
A computer system that is dedicated for 1 task
How a sensor work? ( 6 marks)
- Sensors will detect analogue data
- The ADC will convert analogue data –> electrical signals for CPU to understand
- Microprocessor compares with its values
- If the value goes out of range, it will convert ana
- If not, then nothing happens :D
Describe 3 types of touchscreen (6 marks)
Capacitive: Made up of 3 layers: conductive metals, glass and protective layer
Resistive: The polyester layer will bend down to contact with the conductive layer
Infrared: lazers are shone across the surface to form a matrix. If it’s interfered, it will know the position.
Advantages and disadvtanges of 3 types of touchscreens ( 6 marks)
Infrared:
+ Unlimited touch life
+ touch with stylus & gloves
- Sensitive to interference like water
Capacitive
+ Multiple touch life
+ High quality
- No gloves or stylus
Resisitve
+ Gloves and stylus
- No resolution & precision
- Prone to damages like scratches.
Examples of optical secondary storage? (3 marks)
Bluray, DVD , CD
Properties of optical, magnetic and solid state
Optical:
+ Uses lazer to create pits and lands for 0 and 1
+ Use read/write hand
+ Has moving parts
Solid state:
+ Use NAND or NOR gates for electron transfer
Magnetic :
+ Uses platters and tracks
+ Use read/write hand
+ Has moving parts
Examples of magnetic secondary storage (3 marks)
HDD,floppy disk, magnetic tape
Examples of solid state secondary storage (4 marks)
SSD, USB, RAM, SD card
