Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Eduqas a-level computer science > Hardware and communication > Flashcards

Hardware and communication Flashcards

paper 2

1
Q

optical character recognition (OCR)

A

converts printed media into editable text documents using a scanner - allows you to change text on a printed document ( eg books)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

optimal mark recognition (OMR)

A

based around a predefined form with areas where someone can mark multiple choice responses. scanner detects dark marks on page and notes position of them
(used for exams)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

magnetic ink recognition (MICR)

A

uses in containing iron oxide and specific fonts so data written in the ink can be read by MICR reader - used for cheques so that only relevant text it scanned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

OCR problem

A

can be read wrong by the computer so must be proofread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

OMR problem

A

if mark not dark enough or large enough, scanner may miss it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

resistive touch screens

A

cheaper + made up of 2 thin transparent sheets
when pressure is applied the sheets touch each other and a voltage is recorded in that position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

resistive touch screen problem

A

don’t provide as sharp of an image as capacitive screens and don’t allow for multiple touches at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

capacitive touch screens

A

more expensive but allows clearer image and multiple touches at once
utilise the fact the human body conduct electricity so when you touch screen you change electric field of area you touched - this is registered as a click and X,Y coords are sent to OS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

capacitive touch screen problem

A

doesn’t work when wearing gloves or using item to touch screen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

voice input

A

microphone detects voice commands which will be interpreted by computer and carried out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

voice input problem

A

set amount of commands that the computer is able to understand and carry out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

vocabulary dictation

A

users speak into microphone and computer tries to translate into text

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

vocabulary dictation pros

A

can be faster than keyboard input
reduces spelling mistake risk
hands free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

vocabulary dictation cons

A

background noise interferes
speech impediment, strong accents etc won’t be understood as well
words that sound the same may be misinterpreted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

voiceprint recognition

A

process of capturing person’s voiceprint, digitising and storing the data on computer system
used in security systems by comparing voice prints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

secondary storage (backing storage)

A

non-volatile, long term storage that is not directly accessed by CPU.
stores data not actively being used and takes longer to retrieve from SS than from memory
computer uses input and output channels to transfer data from secondary to primary storage when needed for processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

types of secondary storage media

A

optical storage (CD/DVD/Blue-ray)
magnetic storage
solid stage storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

optical storage

A

laser beams projected onto disk and if light is reflected then data is read as a 1 if not it’s a 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

magnetic storage

A

eg hard disk drives (HDD)
data stored using a read-write head and magnetic platter (disk)
good compromise between storage capacity, performance and cost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

solid state storage

A

eg solid state drive (SSD) or flash drive
no moving parts, data stored on flash memory chips
has low power consumption and high speed access but more expensive than HDDs
RAM can retain its state after power disconnected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

fragmentation

A

over time files split and stored on different parts of the disk -stored in non-sequential manner
takes longer for disk heads to move between parts of the file

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

defragmentation

A

files are physically rearranged on the disk so they are no longer fragmented and parts of each file are stored together. SSDs cannot be defragged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HTTP

A

hypertext transfer protocol
transfers images, videos etc over internet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

FTP

A

file transfer protocol
transfers files across internet between client and server
often used for large files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol send and receive messages
26
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol/internet protocol group of protocols that control how data is broken down for transmission from sender to receiver - includes error checking
27
IMAP
internet messaging access protocol after SMTP directs email to correct server IMAP allows it to be retrieved on a device
28
DHCP
dynamic host configuration protocol ensures each device connected to a network has a unique index (IPAddress)
29
UDP
user datagram protocol sends data across internet but without handshaking or error checking so it is quicker used for live streaming especially gaming
30
handshaking
signal sent from once device to the other in order to agree on a set of protocols to use before data is transferred
31
computer network
a collection of interconnected computers that have the ability to communicate with one another either through wired (ethernet) or wireless (wifi) connections can be a LAN or a WAN
32
peer to peer network
no computer acts as a server - all computers must work together to fulfil the required task (broken down and split between computers) known as distributed processing
33
protocol
set of rules that governs communication between devices
34
network interface card
responsible for placing packets onto network cables in form of electronic signals (or light bursts if cable is optical) electric signals depend on physical protocols being used on network
35
hub
packet sent to hub where it will be broadcasted to all other computers connected to hub the more PCs connected = more traffic thus more collisions and corrupted packets
36
switch
perform routing of packets from one port to another when packet arrives switch determines which port has destination address (known as routing) routes at the MAC address level rather than IP level
37
MAC address
when packet arrives at a switch, it looks at the MAC address and forwards it to correct port
38
routers
- connects different segments of a LAN together - allows access to outside networks (WANs) eg the internet - routes based on IP address - sections of network can be assigned similar IP address ranges which provide router with more info to direct packet. - more powerful processor + is more expensive than switch as has to deal with more devices
39
wireless access point (WAP)
device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network . WIC connects to a WAP
40
wireless network security
can detect wireless network by sitting close by so security is high priority use encryption and require special key in order to stop unauthorised users.
40
wireless network issue
distance from the router, interference from other devices, bad weather etc can impact speed and quality of connection. low wireless signal can cause packets to contain errors meaning data needs to be resent.
40
components of Von Neumann computer system
arithmetic logic unit control unit registers buses cache/internal memory
41
arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
processing of data as a result of arithmetic and logical operations result stored in accumulator
42
control unit (CU)
manages fetch/decode/execute cycle fetches each instruction in sequence, decodes and synchronises it by sending control signals to other parts of computer
43
registers
eg MAR, MDR, CIR a small, fast access temporary storage
44
cache memory
small very fast memory placed near processor can be accessed by CPU more quickly than RAM to execute frequently accessed instructions when cache is full, least recently used data is discarded
45
address bus
used to transmit addresses in RAM of next line of program code to be fetched or an input/output port where data is to be stored or loaded
46
data bus
used to transfer program code between RAM and processor or input/output ports
47
control bus
send control signals from processor to RAM memory or input/output ports to initiate data transfer carries interrupt signals to processor to indicate hardware/software requires attention
48
Von Neumann pros
as CU retrieves data and instruction in same manner from one memory, design and dev is easier and cheaper memory organisation allows them to utilise memory's whole capacity.
49
Von Neumann cons
parallel implementation of a program not allowed due to sequential instruction processing Von Neumann bottleneck - instructions can only be carried out one at a time and sequentially (can be minimised using cache memory)
50
registers in FDE cycle
accumulator memory address register memory data register program counter current instruction register
51
accumulator (ACC)
register that holds the results from the ALU
52
memory address register (MAR)
either stored mem address of data to be fetched or address of data that has been fetched
53
memory data register (MDR)
holds data after fetch cycle acts as a buffer holding data until processor is ready to use it
54
program counter (PC)
stored address of next instruction to be executed from memory will increment at end of each task
55
current instruction register (CIR)
holds instruction that is currently being executed.
56
fetch, decode, execute cycle process
- PC contains address of instruction to be fetched - address bus used to copy contents of PC to MAR - instruction at that location copied to MDR temporarily - contents of MDR copied to CIR - value in PC incremented by 1 so next instruction can be fetched - instruction decoded then executed sending out control signals to memory and input/output devices
57
opcode
binary representation of instruction given to a computer
58
operand
specifies the data to be manipulated
59
parallel processing
multi-core systems that can split a task up into threads and processes it each thread simultaneously
60
parallel processing pros
more instructions processed in shorter time tasks can be shared to reduce load one each processor and avoid bottlenecks
61
parallel processing cons
hard to write programs for multi-core processors results from each needs to be combined at the end which adds to time taken to execute not all tasks can be split
62
multiplexor
allows multiple messages to be combined so they can be sent over a data link simultaneously
63
time division multiplexing
allocates small time slices alternately for data from each of the input message streams
64
frequency division multiplexing
sends diff messages simultaneously but using different transmission frequencies

Eduqas a-level computer science (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions