Hardware Categories & Digi Transformation

Question 1

Question

Answer 1

Answer

Question 2

What is Moore’s Law?

Answer 2

Chip performance per dollar doubles every 18 months.

Question 3

What is the microprocessor?

Answer 3

the brain of a computing device

Question 4

What is the difference between volatile memory and nonvolatile memory?

Answer 4

volatile: when power goes out, all saved to volatile memory is lost. (this is RAM)

nonvolatile: things are saved when power goes out, like a hard disc or flash memory drives

Question 5

What is a flash memory?

Answer 5

chip-based equivalent of a hard drive.
Nonvolatile, chip-based storage often used in mobile phones, cameras, mp3 players. Sometimes called flash RAM- slower than RAM but holds charge when power goes out

Question 6

What are solid state electronics?

Answer 6

Semiconductor-based devices. Solid state components often suffer fewer failutres and require less energy than mechanical counterparts because they have no moving parts. RAM, flas memory, & microprocessors are solid state devices, hard drives are not.

Question 7

Why are chips less likely to fail?

Answer 7

because they are solid state electronics

Question 8

What are semiconductors?

Answer 8

substance such as silicon dioxide used inside most computer chips that’s capable of enabling and also inhibiting the flow of electricity. Colloquially, ‘semiconductors’ means computer chips

Question 9

What is an optical fiber line?

Answer 9

a high-speed glass or plastic-lined networking cable used in telecommunications

Question 10

Are tech products price elastic or inelastic?

Answer 10

highly price elastic. Consumers buy more as they get cheaper, but also, new markets emerge when technology becomes cheaper

Question 11

What is ‘fabs’ short for?

Answer 11

Semiconductor fabrication facilities - chip factories

Question 12

What 3 interrelated factors threatedn to slow down Moore’s Law’s advance?

Answer 12

size, heat, power

Question 13

What is one way to address the problem of densely packed, overheating chip designs?

Answer 13

multicore microprocessors: microprocessors with 2 or more calculating processor cores on the same piece of silicon

Question 14

What are the 3 major types of requirements?

Answer 14

Business, Fucntional/technical, Design

Question 15

What are business requirements?

Answer 15

statement(s) that describe WHY a business needs to accomplish something.

Generally focused on: customer satisfaction, customer problem-solving, employee productivity

Question 16

What are functional requirements?

Answer 16

statements that describe WHAT a system/solution must do to achieve a business requirement

hardware requirements like “must be able to process credit card payments”
software requirements like “must enable workers to create worker schedules”

Question 17

What do information requirements entail?

Answer 17

what kinds of data

Question 18

What do processing requirements entail?

Answer 18

what kinds of activities

Question 19

What are design requirements?

Answer 19

statemenst that describe HOW a system/solution will achieve a functional requirement

Question 20

Connection

Answer 20

business req –> functional req –> design specs –> the manufactured hardware/software

Question 21

Strategic activities

Answer 21

carried out for the future- 3-5 years by senior/upper level management

Question 22

Tactical activities

Answer 22

periodivally- monthly, quarterly

Question 23

Transactional activities

Answer 23

daily/weekly by employees/staff

Question 24

input hardware

Answer 24

enables users to interact with computers by transforming humanly understandable characters, such as speech, texts, sound, drawings and pictures, into computer bits (keyboards, wireless mouse, microphones)

Question 25

output hardware

Answer 25

devices enable computers to interact with humans by transforming binary information into humanly understandable characters (monitors, printers, speakers, tv, projectors, 3d printers)

Question 26

What are the 2 ways that information has to be stored on computers?

Answer 26

Temporary preservation (system memory, video memory) & long-term preservation (magnetic hard drive, SSD, thumb drive)

Question 27

What is RAM also called?

Answer 27

primary storage

Question 28

table fridge sumo analogy

Answer 28

RAM = table, = fridge

Question 29

name of RAM technology

Answer 29

DDR

Question 30

How many bits are in a byte?

Answer 30

8

Question 31

Secondary Storage (HDD)

Answer 31

magnetic hard drive, solid state drive

Question 32

What are the advantages of Solid State Drives?

Answer 32

no moving parts, quiet operation, info must first be deleted before new info can be written. Durability

Question 33

What are examples of volatile storages?

Answer 33

RAM, cache

Question 34

What are examples of nonvolatile storages (RAM-based and non RAM-based)?

Answer 34

RAM-based: thumb drives, read only memory
non-RAM-based: tape drives, magnetic drives

Question 35

CPU vs GPU

Answer 35

CPU: small number or complicated tasks
GPU: millions of simple tasks

Question 36

Digital Transformation

Answer 36

change business model & how we create value for customers

Question 37

What are the 6 steps of the DARSIL framework?

Answer 37

Define - which issues or problems caused the org to start digital transformation
Analyze - which process/architectures/systems need to be changed
Review - which of avail digital technologies are potential solutions
Select - which of the digital technologies did the company deploy
Integrate - into which business and customer processes were the digital technologies integrated
Learn - in which areas is the digital transformation journey complete/incomplete