haroon immunology

Question 1

what cells come from common myeloid progenitor

Answer 1

megakaryocyte
erythrocyte
mast cell
myeloblast

Question 2

what is the OG cell called

Answer 2

haematocytoblast

Question 3

what cells come from myeloblast

Answer 3

eisonophil
basophil
neutrophil
monocyte –> macropghage

Question 4

what cells come from common lymphoid progenito

Answer 4

NK cell
lymphocytes

Question 5

what cells come from lymphocytes

Answer 5

T cell
B cell –> plasma cell

Question 6

are dendritic cells haematopenic

Answer 6

no they are antigen presenting cells of mesenchymal origin

Question 7

primary lymphoid organs

Answer 7

bone marrow
thymus

Question 8

secondary lympohoid organs

Answer 8

lymph nodes
spleen

Question 9

where do all cells originate

Answer 9

bone marrow

Question 10

wjhat happens at spleen

Answer 10

RBC recyclng, encapsulated bacterual killing

Question 11

where do T cells matuee

Answer 11

thymus

Question 12

where do B cells mayuee

Answer 12

bone marrow

Question 13

physical barriers in innate immnity

Answer 13

skin
mucus
cilia

Question 14

chemical barriers in innate immnity

Answer 14

lysosoyme in tears
stomach acid

Question 15

3 complement system pathways

Answer 15

classical
lectin
alternare

Question 16

3 ways complement system destroys foriegn antigens

Answer 16

1. direct lysis using MAC
2. opsoinisation using C3B protein
3. inflammation using C3a + C5a

Question 17

what receptro is on neutrophils

Answer 17

CD66

all granulocytes have this

Question 18

circulating vs resident macrophages

Answer 18

resident - reside in tissues
eg kuppfer cells anf alveolar macrophage

circulaation - circulate in blood

Question 19

function of macrophages

Answer 19

clear apoptopic debris

Question 20

what do macrophages contain

Answer 20

TLR’s
complement receptors
antibodies bound by Fc component

Question 21

what do eisonophils contain

Answer 21

major basic protein MBP

seen in parasitic infection

Question 22

difference betwene basophils and mast cells

Answer 22

basophils - circulate in body

mast cels - fixed in tissues

Question 23

how do basophils and mast cells work

Answer 23

t1 hypersensitivity

1. ige binding
2. degranulation
3. histamine release

Question 24

how do nK Cells work

Answer 24

secretre perforin to kill viral infection cells

also cause self cell killing and malignant cell killing

Question 25

2 main types of receptor

Answer 25

TOLL like receptors NOD like recepors they respond to PAMPS and DAMPS

Question 26

what does TLR2 detect

Answer 26

gram positive bacteria + TB

Question 27

most important TLR

Answer 27

TLR 4 - LPS on gram negatve bacteria

Question 28

what is TLR 5

Answer 28

flaggelin

Question 29

what is TLR 7

Answer 29

intracellualr RNA

Question 30

what is tLR 8

Answer 30

intracellualr

Question 31

what is tLR 9

Answer 31

methylated DNA, intracellukar

Question 32

how does TLR 4 cause phagocytosis

Answer 32

1. activated by LPS of gram negative bacteria 2. lectins in blood bind pathogen 3. trigger immune response 4. activate complement, stimulate cytokine release 5. increase phagocytosis

Question 33

best APC

Answer 33

DENDRITIC CELLS others are macrophages and b cells

Question 34

what do APC do

Answer 34

present foreign antigen to t helper cell to stimulate further Th proliferation and b cell antibody production

Question 35

what is immune synapse

Answer 35

its what forms when dendiritic cell and t helper cell communicat

Question 36

3 conditions that mujst be met for immune synpase to function

Answer 36

1. receptor binding 2. co stimulation 3. cytokine release

Question 37

what do CD8 intrract with

Answer 37

MHC I cause cytotoxic killing by perforin secretion and expressing facl to activate caspases

Question 38

what do CD4 interact with

Answer 38

MHC II t hehlper 1 = activate nk cells and macrophages = innate t helper 2 = activate b cells to differentiate into plasma cells = adaptive

Question 39

what induces b cell proliferation

Answer 39

il4

Question 40

what induces b cell differental into plasma cells

Answer 40

il5

Question 41

whyat is somatic hypermutation

Answer 41

when u get point mutations in IG as evolutionary neasure

Question 42

what is class switching

Answer 42

induce mutations tat change one ig type into another

Question 43

where is iga found

Answer 43

mucosal lining amd breast milk forms DIMER

Question 44

what is the first ig released in adaptive rrlrase

Answer 44

igm forms pentamer

Question 45

where are MHC coded

Answer 45

chromosome 6

Question 46

2 functions of MHC

Answer 46

1. INTERACT WITH T CELLS 2. CONFER SUSCPEITBILITY TO INHERITED AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES EG HLA

Question 47

HLA B27

Answer 47

spondyloarthropathies

Question 48

HLA DR2/DQ3

Answer 48

T1DM

Question 49

HLA DQ2/DQD

Answer 49

CEELIAC

Question 50

HLA B8

Answer 50

SLE

Question 51

what happens in t2 hypersenititiy

Answer 51

antigen antibody complex iGg/iGm binds to antigen activates MAC

Question 52

what happens in t3 hypersentiivuty

Answer 52

immune complex deposition iGg/iGm binds to antigen and actuvates complemt at site of deposition

Question 53

what happens in t4 hypersenitity

Answer 53

t cell mediated th1 actuvated by apc cytotoxic killing occurs

Question 54

what happens in t5 hypersnsitibty

Answer 54

igg or igm binds to csm and prevents/stimulates endogenous action eg graves

Question 55

what is low C3 and C4 asscoiated wirh

Answer 55

SLE

Question 56

WHAT IS HYPOSPLENISM

Answer 56

lack of spleen function

Question 57

what kind of immunity are vaccines

Answer 57

artificial active

Question 58

what is pfizer biotech covid vaccine

Answer 58

mrna

Question 59

what are 2 doses of vaccine known as

Answer 59

1. prime 2. booster

Question 60

types of vaccines

Answer 60

- live attenuated - antigens - toxins - CW constituents

Question 61

what antibodies in vaccine

Answer 61

1. initially igm 2. if psthogen encounteeed again - igg spike

Question 62

what is natyral actuve immuntiy

Answer 62

when u acc get the disease and body produced memory cells after infection

Question 63

what is ariticial active immnity

Answer 63

when vaccine mimcs pathogen and stimulates ig prodution

Question 64

what is passove ntural immunity

Answer 64

when maternal ig passed to baby in breast milk

Question 65

what is passive artificial immunity

Answer 65

ANTIVENOM injection of ig from another organism