HASS History 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What was the Industrial Revolution?
A period of major change from about 1750 to 1900 when countries like Britain moved from farming and handmade goods to machines, factories, and mass production.
What percentage of people in Britain lived and worked on small farms before 1750?
Around 80%.
What were the primary power sources for tools before the Industrial Revolution?
Powered by humans, animals, or waterwheels.
What industries were small before the Industrial Revolution?
Manufacturing, mining, and trade.
What was the life expectancy in Britain before 1750?
Short lives due to poor hygiene, diseases, and contaminated water.
Who owned 15% of the wealth in Britain before 1750?
Nobles (1% of the population).
What were the early industries in Britain?
Iron, coal, cotton, wool.
What was the population of Britain in 1750 and in 1900?
6.5 million in 1750; 32.5 million in 1900.
What major societal change occurred due to urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
People moved to urban areas.
What percentage of the population lived in cities by 1850?
80%.
What was the main cause of the population increase during the Industrial Revolution?
Better living conditions and lower death rates.
Who comprised the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?
Factory owners, merchants, bankers, lawyers, clerks.
What did the Agricultural Revolution achieve?
Helped cause the Industrial Revolution by feeding more people.
What changes were made to farmland during the Agricultural Revolution?
Forests were cut down, swamps were drained, farms were combined into bigger ones.
What was the impact of the Enclosure Acts?
Took land away from small farmers and made it private to rich owners.
What was the four-field rotation system invented by Charles Townshend?
A system that rotated wheat, barley, root vegetables, and clover each season.
What improvements were made in farming machinery by the early 1800s?
Machines for planting, harvesting, separating grain.
Who made significant advancements in animal breeding?
Robert Bakewell.
What was the effect of enclosures on poor farmers?
They lost their land and became tenants or factory workers.
What was the factory system?
A system that brought many workers and machines into one building for mass production.
What was the first steam locomotive and who built it?
Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive in 1801.
What was the first commercial steamship and who built it?
Robert Fulton built the first commercial steamship in 1807.
What major transportation improvement occurred in the early 1700s?
Turnpike trusts began building better roads.
What was the first railway line and when was it established?
The first railway line was established in 1825, between Stockton and Darlington.
