Hazard Management Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is socio- economic disruption?
Disruption to social or economic aspects of society.
What is environmental degradation?
The deterioration of the natural environment.
What is an effusive eruption?
An eruption where lava flows on the ground rather than being expelled in an explosive manner
What is a basaltic eruption?
A gentle (effusive) eruption, that is characterised by fluid lava and is relatively predictable
What 6 ways are hazards highly variable
Nature Magnitude Location Cause Frequency Scale of impact
What are the 6 main types of natural hazard?
Flood Drought Volcano Earthquake Landslide/ avalanche Cyclone/ hurricane
What is a hydro- meteorological hazard?
Those caused by running water and it’s processes (H) and those associated with it or caused by weather patterns (M).
H - floods, mudflows.
M - hurricanes, droughts, wildfires.
What is a geophysical hazard?
Those caused by earth’s processes. 2 types:
1) internal earth processes or tectonic origin.
2) external earth processes of geomorphological origin involving mass movements
How does a natural event become a hazard?
It has to involve people.
What is a natural hazard?
Natural events that are perceived to be a threat to people, the built environment and the natural environment.
What is a disaster?
Disasters are the realisation of hazards to cause social impacts, such as loss of lives or livelihood, and economic impacts, such as da,age to goods and property.
What way can underlying cases of vulnerability be an indicator of disaster vulnerability?
Poverty
Failing social , political and economic systems.
What way can pressures be an indicator of disaster vulnerability?
Local scale-
Lack of education, food security, ethical standards
Macro scale-
Rapid population change, urbanisation, debt repayment issues, over exploitation of resources
What way can unsafe conditions of the population be an indicator of disaster vulnerability?
Physical environment -
Dangerous location, unprotected buildings
Socio economic environment-
Weak local economy (poverty), Lack of disaster preparedness ,Hunger and disease
What is the dreggs model
A venn diagram which shows how the combination of a hazardous event and disaster vulnerability combine to make a hazard.
What is vulnerability?
How exposed you may be or how exposed an area may be. The tendency of a place, group or society to incur losses to hazards
What are the most vulnerable areas?
High risk areas Young children and elderly LEDCs Poorly managed areas People who live on steep slopes susceptible to landslides (favelas)
Why do people remain exposed to hazards?
Unpredictability of hazard
Lack of alternatives - vulnerable poor
Russian roulette - act of god, part of living process
Cost vs. Benefit of the area
What did Swiss Re insurance define a disaster as in 1990?
An event where at least 20 people died or damage over $16 billion caused.
What is the UN definition of a hazard?
Following criteria:
Report of 10 or more killed
100 or more affected
Declaration of state emergency by relevant emergency
Request for national gov for international assistance
What can risk be defined as?
The probability of a hazard event occurring and creating loss of lives and livelihoods
What can perception be designed as?
The way in which an individual or group views the threat of a hazard event. This determines the course of action taken by individuals or the response they expect from the government or other organisations
What can fatalism be defined as?
A view of a hazard event that suggests that people cannot influence the outcome, therefore, nothing can be done to mitigate it
“God’s will”
What is the risk equation?
Risk = (hazard X vulnerability to the hazard)/ capacity to cope/ recover
