Hazardous Earth

Question 1

Name the earths layers

Answer 1

Crust
Lithosphere
Upper mantle (the asthenosphere)
The lower mantle
The outer core
The inner core

Question 2

Description of the inner core

Answer 2

Solid ball of iron and nickel
Under huge amounts of pressure
Contains uranium and thorium(responsible for the earths internal energy)

Question 3

Outer core description

Answer 3

Molten liquid layer of iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core
Heat from the inner core creates convection currents

Question 4

Mantle description

Answer 4

Largest layer behaves like a dense fluid
The upper layer( asthenosphere) constantly moves and flows due to convection currents

Question 5

Lithosphere description

Answer 5

Solid rock
0-100 km thick (continental)
6-8km thick ( oceanic

Question 6

How are convection currents formed

Answer 6

Energy from radioactive decay in the core heats up the lower mantle

The hot liquid becomes less dense than its surroundings so it rises upwards

It becomes more dense, therefore sinks back to the bottom

It is heated back again and the cycle continues

Question 7

Divergent

Answer 7

Move away

Question 8

Convergent

Answer 8

Move toward each other —>

Question 9

Conservative

Answer 9

Slides past each other

Question 10

What happens when two plates move apart

Answer 10

Magma rises in between the gap lava pours out into the surface
Volcanoes form in areas where lava pours out
Can happen in both continental and oceanic crust

Question 11

What happens in convergent

Answer 11

The plates move towards each other causing one plate to go under another where the one which Subducts is destroyed always oceanic

Leaves an ocean trench
Friction causes earthquakes
Oceanic crust is melted creating magma
Which causes pressure to build up overtime creating an explosive volcano

Question 12

What happens when an convergent plate movement occurs between oceanic and an oceanic

Answer 12

The denser one sinks below which may cause islands in the ocean to form

Question 13

What happens when an convergent plate movement occurs between continental and an continental

Answer 13

Neither sink below instead they rise up wards creating fold mountains ( large steep mountains )

Question 14

What happens at a conservative plate boundary

Answer 14

They create friction because the move side by side
Is both plates get stuck overtime pressure builds up when the move the create very large earthquakes and tsunamis

Question 15

What are hotspots

Answer 15

They are areas of volcanic activity not related to plate boundaries

Hot magma from the mantle rise and burn through weaker parts of the crust which can create volcanoes and islands

Question 16

Shield volcano characteristics

Answer 16

Non-explosive
Fast flowing Runny lava
Has low thickness of lava
Shallow sides

Question 17

Composite volcano characteristics

Answer 17

Very explosive
Extremely hot gases and ash
Has a very strong pyroclastic flow

Question 18

What’s used to measure earthquake strength

Answer 18

Richter scale

Question 19

How do tsunamis form

Answer 19

When an oceanic crust is jolted during an earthquake all the water above is displaced

Water travels fast but with low amplitude

As it gets closer to the coast the sea level decreases so there is friction between the sea bed and the waves

This causes waves to slow down and gain height creating a tsunami

Question 20

how can you predict when a volcano is likely to erupt

Answer 20

Seismometers, which measure vibrations in the ground near a volcano, when they are high there is a strong chance of an eruption

Question 21

Which factors affect the amount of damage done by an earthquake?

Answer 21

The level of development
The population density
Building infrastructure

Question 22

How many deaths were there at Haiti?

Answer 22

around 300,000 deaths and 300,000 injured

Question 23

How many people were made homeless by the Haiti Earthquake?

Answer 23

1.5 million were made homeless

Question 24

Describe the Volcanoes divergent plates form

Answer 24

Non-explosive, Runny and fast lava, basaltic lava. usually shield volcanoes

Question 25

Describe the Volcanoes Convergent plates form

Answer 25

Very explosive, thick slow lava, andesitic lava. usually composite volacnoes

Question 26

Describe the Volcanoes conservative plates form

Answer 26

No volcanoes as no crust is being destroyed and no magma generated

Question 27

Describe the earthquakes formed in divergent plates

Answer 27

Smaller earthquakes as there is less friction. (5-6 on Richter scale)

Question 28

Describe the earthquakes formed in convergent plates

Answer 28

Very strong earthquakes. they may be deep underground making them weaker. (up to 9.5 on Richter scale)

Question 29

Describe the earthquakes formed in conservative plates

Answer 29

Very strong earthquakes, they can be shallow meaning that they could cause more damage. (up to 8.5 on Richter scale)