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Geography > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the equator the hottest part of the Earth ?

A

The suns energy is most concentrated there

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2
Q

Circulation Cell

A

Warm air rises as it’s less dense creating an area of low pressure.

Cool air sinks and it becomes more dense creating and area of high pressure.

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3
Q

Climate at the Equator

A

High Temperatures + Heavy Rainfall

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4
Q

High Pressure Climate Conditions

A

Arid / Dry - Lack of Rainfall

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5
Q

3 Circulation Cells

A
  1. Hadley Cell
  2. Ferrel Cell
  3. Polar Cell
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6
Q

What redistributes heat around the world ?

A

Wind + Ocean Currents

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7
Q

What areas does air move from and to ?

A

Air moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure.

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8
Q

Bars on a Climate Graph

A

Precipitation

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9
Q

Line on Climate Graph

A

Temperature

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10
Q

4 Layers of Earth

A

1.Crust
2.Mantle
3.Outer Core
4.Inner Core

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11
Q

Thickest Layer of Earth

A

Mantle

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12
Q

Solid Layers of Earth

A

1.Crust
2.Inner Core

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13
Q

2 Types of Crust

A

Oceanic + Continental Crust

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14
Q

Which type of crust is more dense ?

A

Oceania Crust

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15
Q

What happens when Oceanic Crust Subducts ?

A

The Oceanic Crust goes under (subducts) the Continental Crust at specific Plate Boundaries

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16
Q

Convergent Plate Boundry

A

Move towards each other

Oceanic Plate subducts under Continental Plate

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17
Q

Collision Plate Boundary

A

Move towards each other

Two Continental Plates collide and are forced up

(Fold Mountains e.g Himalayas)

18
Q

Divergent Plate Boundry

A

Two plates move away from each other and magma rises between the two plates.

19
Q

Conservative Plate Boundary

A

Two plates slide past each other causing friction.

The release causes a hazard.

(Tsunami, Earthquake)

20
Q

Characteristics of Shield Volcano

A

Gentle Slopes + Wide Base

Non Viscous Lava

Non Explosive Eruptions

Basaltic Lava

21
Q

Characteristics of Composite Volcano

A

Tall and Narrow Base

Formed on Convergent Plate Boundary

Viscous Lava

Explosive Eruptions

Andesitic Lava

22
Q

Hotspots

A

An area that exists over Mantle Plume

Volcanoes are formed over hotspots then carried away via tectonic movement for another volcano to form.

23
Q

Cooling Period in Earths History

A

Glacial Period

24
Q

4 Natural Causes of Climate Change

A

Orbital Theory

Solar Activity - Sunspots

Asteroid Collisions

Volcanic Activity

25
Q

Volcanic Activity - Climate Change

A

Ash and Gases block the suns rays causing the planet to cool.

26
Q

Solar Activity - Climate Change

A

Sunspots give bursts of energy / heat that cause a surplus and that rises temperature.

27
Q

Evidence for Past Climate Change

A

Ice Core Analasis

Tree Ring Analasis

Historical Records

28
Q

Greenhouse Effect

A

Greenhouse Gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

29
Q

Enhanced Greenhouse Effect

A

Human Activities enhance the greehouse effect to further warm the earth.

(Energy Production, Agriculture)

30
Q

Evidence for Human Induced Climate Change

A

Melting Ice Caps

Rising Sea Levels

Extreme Weather

31
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

As the Oceans get warmer they expand and cause sea levels to rise.

32
Q

Consequences of Climate Change

A

Coastal Flooding

Droughts

Extreme Weather

33
Q

Haiti Earthquake - Backround

A

2010

7.0 Magnitude

Developing Country

Happened near Port au Prince (Capital)

34
Q

Haiti Earthquake - Primary Impacts

A

316, 000 died

All Hospitals Collapsed

180,000 homes destroyed

35
Q

Haiti Earthquake - Secondary Impacts

A

Police and gov collapses —> Looting started

Cholera broke out in squatter camps

36
Q

Haiti Earthquake - Short Term Responses

A

International Rescue Teams

Engineers Cleared Port for medical aid

37
Q

Haiti Earthquake - Long Term Responses

A

235, 000 people relocated to less damaged areas

World bank cancelled Haiti’s debt for 5 years

38
Q

Hurricane Katrina - Backround

A

1800 People died

Economic cost of $100 Billion

39
Q

Hurricane Katrina - Preperation

A

Levis for flooding but we’re breached

Forecasting and alerts

Evacuation

40
Q

Hurricane Katrina - Responses

A

National Guard to restore order

Fire department helped rescue

$20 Billion on flood defences

Geography (4 decks)

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