Hazardous Earth Flashcards
Revision (24 cards)
What are the four major layers of the Earth’s structure?
Crust, Mantle, Outer core and Inner core.
Which layer is the thickest?
(Earth’s structure- layers)
The Mantle
Which two layers are entirely solid?
The Crust and The Inner Core
What are the two different types of crust?
Continental and Oceanic
Which type of crust is more dense?
Oceanic
What is the name of the process that causes the Earth’s tectonic plates to move?
Convection currents
How many different types of plate boundary are there?
4
What direction do the plates move in at convergent plate boundaries?
They move into each other.
One plate subducts under the other plate.
True or false?
Volcanoes occur at conservative plate boundaries.
False
Explain two characteristics of a shield volcano.
Low, gently sloping domes with a very wide base.
Made of lava.
Explain two characteristics of a composite volcano.
Tall, steep sided cones with a narrow base.
Made of lava and ash.
What is a hotspot?
Large plume of hot mantle buildup underneath the Earth’s crust.
Complete the following sentences.
In an earthquake, the point of rupture- where the earthquake happens underground - is called the f____. Shock waves radiate out from this point. The e______ is the point directly above this on the Earth’s surface ( where the earthquake is felt the most.)
Focus
Epicentre
What does magnitude mean?
The size of the earthquake (how much the ground shakes)
What is the name of the scale that earthquakes are measured on?
The Richter Scale
What causes tsunamis?
Water displacement
What was your developing country earthquake case study and when did it happen?
The Haiti earthquake in 2010
A) Identify at least two primary and two secondary impacts for your developing country earthquake case study.
B) In your opinion, which was more significant- the primary or secondary impacts?
A) Primary-
Approximately 316,000 people died.
300,000 people were injured.
Secondary-
Economic losses
Cholera spread through squatter camps.
B) Primary impacts
Identify at least one immediate and one long-term response for your developing earthquake case study.
Immediate-
Search and rescue teams were flown into the country
Long-term-
Damaged buildings were inspected and repaired.
What was your developed country earthquake case study and when did it happen?
The Tohoku Earthquake in Japan, 2011.
Identify at least one immediate and one long-term response for your developed earthquake case study.
Immediate-
Workers were mobilised to deal with crisis.
Secondary-
Temporary housing was set up.
Identify at least two primary and two secondary impacts for your developed country earthquake case study.
Primary-
Many buildings were severely damaged.
Roads and railways were damaged.
Secondary-
127,000 buildings collapsed.
Fukushima dam burst.
How can the impact of earthquakes be reduced?
Identify hazards
Build safer structures
Provide education on earthquake safety.
