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Geography > Hazardous earth case studies > Flashcards

Hazardous earth case studies Flashcards

1
Q

What magnitude was the 2015 Nepal earthquake

A

7.8 on the richter scale - collision plate boundary

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2
Q

What were the primary effects of the Nepal earthquake (2015)

A

9000 deaths
19,000 injuries
3 million made homeless
600,000 buildings destroyed

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3
Q

Secondary effects of the Nepal earthquake (2015)

A

Landslides and avalanches
- Blocked roads
- Killed 19 people at mt everest
Rice seed ruined - increased prices by 11%
Tourism, income and employment declined
liquefication

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4
Q

Immediate responses of Nepal earthquake (2015)

A

Half a million shelters provided
300,000 people migrated from kathmandu to seek shelter
India and china donated $1 billion in aid

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5
Q

Long term responses of Nepal (2015)

A

7000 schools rebuilt
Landslides and roadblocks cleared
Stricter building codes introduced
Asian development bank donated $200 million for first stage of rehabilitation

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6
Q

What magnitude was the New Zealand (2016) earthquake

A

7.8 on the richter scale

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7
Q

Primary effects of New Zealand (2016)

A

2 deaths
19 injured
60 people needed emergency housing
20,000 buildings destroyed

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8
Q

Secondary effects of New Zealand (2016)

A

100,000 landslides blocked roadways and railways
Tsunami 5m high

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9
Q

Immediate responses New Zealand (2016)

A

Emergency housing provided
Tsunami warning issued
Power restored within hours
Temporary water supplies set up

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10
Q

Long term responses New Zealand (2016)

A

Road and rail routes opened within 2 years
Earthquake resistant pipes

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11
Q

What magnitude was the Haiti earthquake (2010)

A

7.0 on the richter scale - conservative plate boundary

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12
Q

Primary effects of Haiti 2010

A

200,000 deaths
300,000 injured
1 million homeless

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13
Q

Secondary effects of Haiti 2010

A

Two million people left without water and food
Crime increased
Outbreaks of cholera led to further 10,000 deaths

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14
Q

Immediate responses Haiti 2010

A

Port was damaged so aid was slow
USA sent rescue teams and 10,000 troops
Bottled water and purification tablets provided
235,000 moved to new homes
£20 million donated by the UK

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15
Q

Long term responses Haiti 2010

A

Relied on overseas aid - one of the poorest countries in the world
One million people still lived in shelters a year after the earthquake

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16
Q

Why did so many people die in the Haiti 2010 earthquake?

A

Earthquake occurred at shallow depth - stronger groundshaking
Struck the most densely populated city in the country
Poorest country in the western hemisphere
Poor living standards
Lack of infrastructure to make use of aid - only one airport with one runway

17
Q

What magnitude was the earthquake which caused the boxing day tsunami 2004?

A

9.1 on the richter scale - convergent plate boundary

18
Q

Primary effects of boxing day tsunami (2004)

A

Impacted 12 countries
230,000 deaths
650,000 injured
2 million homeless

19
Q

Secondary effects of boxing day tsunami (2004)

A

Outbreak of diseases such as cholera
Lack of food - agriculture and fisheries destroyed
Railways and roads blocked or destroyed
Electric cut off

20
Q

Immediate responses boxing day tsunami (2004)

A

food, water and shelter provided
UK donated £100 million

21
Q

Long term responses boxing day tsunami (2004)

A

A year later the UK donated £370 million
Indian ocean tsunami warning system set up which also taught people how to respond during the event of an earthquake

22
Q

What magnitude was the magnitude of the earthquake which caused the Fukushima tsunami 2011?

A

9.0 magnitude

23
Q

Primary effects of the fukushima tsunami 2011

A

16,000 deaths
26,000 injures
330,000 buildings destroyed
$220 billion cost

24
Q

Secondary effects of the fukushima tsunami 2011

A

Nuclear power plant destroyed - still releasing radiation and is expected to for the next 50 years - leaving the area unhabited

25
Q

Immediate responses Fukushima 2011

A

Tsunami warning 3 minutes after earthquake - 58% of people followed the warning
100,000 rescue workers in Japan provided rescue and emergency aid
20km evacuation zone around fukushima

26
Q

Long term responses Fukushima 2011

A

Coastal protection policy suitable to provide protection against tsunamis of such scale
Tsunami resillitent coastal communities scheme
98% of electricity restored within months

27
Q

Why were the effects of the Tsunami so devastating fukushima 2011

A

shallow focus earthquake - just 20km below surface
Tsunami waves exceeded height of sea walls intended to protect against tsunami
Severely damaged nuclear power reactor
Convergent plate boundary which one of the plates was clay causing it to move 50m

28
Q

What was the mount merapi eruption 2010 ranked on the VEI?

A

4 explosivity

29
Q

Primary effects of mount merapi eruption 2010

A

350 deaths
200,000 made homeless
320,000 displaced
5000 died from the earthquake caused by the volcano

30
Q

Secondary effects mount merapi 2010

A

Lahars
Mud flow
Water supplies contaminated
Created geothermal energy
Global cooling due to ash clouds
Ash clouds contaminated crops increasing crop prices - in the long term created more fertile soils

31
Q

Immediate responses mount merapi 2010

A

210 evacuation centres
1600 people a part of national response
International aid from charities such as Red Cross
Evacuation area of 20 km

32
Q

Long term response mount merapi 2010

A

Formal evacuation centres set up
2600 people moved permanently to safer housing
Government funding for farmers to replace livestock

33
Q

What VEI was the Iceland 2010 eruption?

A

3 on the VEI - shield volcano - divergent plate boundary

34
Q

Primary effects Iceland 2010 eruption

A
  • Ash clouds blocked the sun making the sky turn to night
  • Crops destroyed by ash
  • 100,000 flights cancelled due to ash clouds - cost £130 million a day for 8 days - impacted trade of food and goods
35
Q

Secondary effects Iceland 2010

A

Fresh food imports stopped
Local water supplies contaminated
Melted glacier causing flooding
Long term created more fertile soils
Global cooling

36
Q

Global impact of Iceland 2010 eruption

A

Kenya was impacted
- 5000 workers lost jobs as flowers and vegetables rotted at airports
- lost $1.3 million a day in exports
- the countries top export is flowers meaning the loss of trade of flowers to Europe was extremely costly to them

37
Q

Immediate response Iceland 2010

A

Evacuation of 700 people
Red Cross provided food and water for those in evacuation area of the volcano
Exclusion zone

38
Q

Long term responses Iceland 2010

A

Created higher river banks then before to prevent flooding
Improved monitoring systems
Aircraft fitted with ash resistant technology

Geography (8 decks)

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