Hazards

Question 1

What is a natural Hazard

Answer 1

1. A threat to life

2. Naturally occurring

Question 2

What are the three types of natural hazard?

Answer 2

Geophysical
Hydrological
Atmospheric

Question 3

Name 5 Characteristics of Natural Hazards

Answer 3

Clear origins 
Little warning 
Involuntary exposure of LICS
Most losses immediately after 
Emergency response

Question 4

Define Risk

Answer 4

Likelihood of harm

Question 5

Define vulnerability

Answer 5

how susceptible a population is to damage.

Question 6

Define Multi-Hazard environment

Answer 6

Two or more natural hazards occuring

Question 7

Describe the spatial distribution of tropical storms…

Answer 7

Hurricanes: North Atlantic and NE pacific
Cyclones: Southern Pacific/ Indian
Typhoons: NW pacific affect SE Asia

low level convergence of air

Question 8

Why do people consciously put themselves at risk of natural hazards?

Answer 8

.Cost or benefit
.Perception 
.Unpredictable 
.Lack of options 
.Level of risk

Question 9

Define Adaption

Answer 9

Attempts to live with the lifestyle - changing their way

Question 10

Define fatalism

Answer 10

People cannot influence hazards so nothing is done to mitigate - ‘God’s will’

Question 11

Define mitigation

Answer 11

Attempts to lessen the severity of the Hazard

Question 12

What are the three ways people may perceive natural hazards?

Answer 12

Fatalism
Fear
Adaption

Question 13

What are the four stages of the disaster risk management cycle?

Answer 13

Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation

Question 14

Give two positives of the disaster risk management cycle

Answer 14

Shows effects of preparedness

Minimise future hazards

Question 15

Give two negatives of the disaster risk management cycle

Answer 15

Ignores individuals

Slow onset to disasters

Question 16

Describe the six parts of the risk disc model?

Answer 16

Disaster preparedness 
response 
recovery 
mitigation 
development 
adaptions to climate change

Question 17

What are the five stages of the Park Model?

Answer 17

Pre-disaster 
Disruption 
Relief 
Rehabilitation 
Reconstruction

Question 18

What does the park model show over time?

Answer 18

Quality of life

Question 19

Give two positives and two negatives of the Park Model

Answer 19

\+ 
Can compare between effectiveness between different events 
Helps plan for different 
-
No quantitative data 
No spatial variation

Question 20

1. Depth of curve means…
2. Steepness of upward curve means…
3. Steepness of downward curve means…

Answer 20

1. intensity of impacts
2. Effectiveness /speed of recovery
3. type of hazard

Question 21

The distribution of a hazard through time is called the…

Answer 21

Frequency

Question 22

The assessment of the size and impacts of a hazard event is known as the …

Answer 22

Magnitude

Question 23

The ability of individuals to withstand and recover from a disaster is known as …

Answer 23

Resilience

Question 24

What is prediction in the context of hazards?

Answer 24

Using scientific research/past events to forecast when/where hazards will occur and provide warnings

Question 25

Give an example of methods of prediction?

Answer 25

The tsunami warning system

Question 26

Give three differences between oceanic and continental crust.

Answer 26

Ocean - Thinner, Younger and denser | Continental - Thicker, older and less dense

Question 27

Describe the inner core of the earth...

Answer 27

Iron/Nickel Solid Over 6000C

Question 28

Describe the outer core of the earth...

Answer 28

Iron/Nickel Liquid 4000/5000C

Question 29

Describe the mantle of the earth...

Answer 29

SIAL/SIMA Semi-Molten 3000C

Question 30

Describe the crust of the earth...

Answer 30

Silicon, Aluminum, Potassium, Sodium, Oxygen | Solid

Question 31

What theory did Alfred Wegener suggest?

Answer 31

Continental Drift

Question 32

What evidence did Wegener use in support - give two geological and two biological pieces evidence?

Answer 32

Geological - Continents fit together and glacial deposits in SA Biological - Fossilized plants and animals from the same time period and fossilised Mesosaurus in South America and South Africa

Question 33

Outline the process of Gravitational sliding at ocean ridges:

Answer 33

.Constructive plate boundaries magma rises .Magma heats rocks so they expand .As new crust cools and becomes denser, gravity causes it to move downslope .This puts pressure on the tectonic plates causing them to move apart

Question 34

How do plates move at each of the following plate boundaries: Constructive: Destructive: Conservative:

Answer 34

1. Away 2. Towards 3. Alongside

Question 35

Outline the process of slab pull at ocean trenches:

Answer 35

.At destructive plate boundaries .The oceanic plate subducts as it is more dense .The cold dense plate is pulled downward by gravity as it’s denser than the asthenosphere .This pulls the rest of the plate behind it

Question 36

Outline the formation of ocean ridges:

Answer 36

.Plates diverge in oceanic areas due to convection currents and gravitational sliding .This creates fissures that allows rising magma to escape from the highly pressurised interior of the planet .Magma fills the gap and eventually erupts onto the surface and cools as new land [1].