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Geography - Hazards > Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

What is a natural Hazard

A
  1. A threat to life

2. Naturally occurring

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2
Q

What are the three types of natural hazard?

A

Geophysical
Hydrological
Atmospheric

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3
Q

Name 5 Characteristics of Natural Hazards

A 
Clear origins 
Little warning 
Involuntary exposure of LICS
Most losses immediately after 
Emergency response
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4
Q

Define Risk

A

Likelihood of harm

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5
Q

Define vulnerability

A

how susceptible a population is to damage.

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6
Q

Define Multi-Hazard environment

A

Two or more natural hazards occuring

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7
Q

Describe the spatial distribution of tropical storms…

A

Hurricanes: North Atlantic and NE pacific
Cyclones: Southern Pacific/ Indian
Typhoons: NW pacific affect SE Asia

low level convergence of air

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8
Q

Why do people consciously put themselves at risk of natural hazards?

A 
.Cost or benefit
.Perception 
.Unpredictable 
.Lack of options 
.Level of risk
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9
Q

Define Adaption

A

Attempts to live with the lifestyle - changing their way

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10
Q

Define fatalism

A

People cannot influence hazards so nothing is done to mitigate - ‘God’s will’

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11
Q

Define mitigation

A

Attempts to lessen the severity of the Hazard

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12
Q

What are the three ways people may perceive natural hazards?

A

Fatalism
Fear
Adaption

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13
Q

What are the four stages of the disaster risk management cycle?

A

Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Mitigation

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14
Q

Give two positives of the disaster risk management cycle

A

Shows effects of preparedness

Minimise future hazards

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15
Q

Give two negatives of the disaster risk management cycle

A

Ignores individuals

Slow onset to disasters

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16
Q

Describe the six parts of the risk disc model?

A 
Disaster preparedness 
response 
recovery 
mitigation 
development 
adaptions to climate change
17
Q

What are the five stages of the Park Model?

A 
Pre-disaster 
Disruption 
Relief 
Rehabilitation 
Reconstruction
18
Q

What does the park model show over time?

A

Quality of life

19
Q

Give two positives and two negatives of the Park Model

A 
\+ 
Can compare between effectiveness between different events 
Helps plan for different 
-
No quantitative data 
No spatial variation
20
Q
  1. Depth of curve means…
  2. Steepness of upward curve means…
  3. Steepness of downward curve means…
A
  1. intensity of impacts
  2. Effectiveness /speed of recovery
  3. type of hazard
21
Q

The distribution of a hazard through time is called the…

A

Frequency

22
Q

The assessment of the size and impacts of a hazard event is known as the …

A

Magnitude

23
Q

The ability of individuals to withstand and recover from a disaster is known as …

A

Resilience

24
Q

What is prediction in the context of hazards?

A

Using scientific research/past events to forecast when/where hazards will occur and provide warnings

25
Q

Give an example of methods of prediction?

A

The tsunami warning system

26
Q

Give three differences between oceanic and continental crust.

A

Ocean - Thinner, Younger and denser

Continental - Thicker, older and less dense

27
Q

Describe the inner core of the earth…

A

Iron/Nickel
Solid
Over 6000C

28
Q

Describe the outer core of the earth…

A

Iron/Nickel
Liquid
4000/5000C

29
Q

Describe the mantle of the earth…

A

SIAL/SIMA
Semi-Molten
3000C

30
Q

Describe the crust of the earth…

A

Silicon, Aluminum, Potassium, Sodium, Oxygen

Solid

31
Q

What theory did Alfred Wegener suggest?

A

Continental Drift

32
Q

What evidence did Wegener use in support - give two geological and two biological pieces evidence?

A

Geological - Continents fit together and glacial deposits in SA
Biological - Fossilized plants and animals from the same time period and fossilised Mesosaurus in South America and South Africa

33
Q

Outline the process of Gravitational sliding at ocean ridges:

A

.Constructive plate boundaries magma rises
.Magma heats rocks so they expand
.As new crust cools and becomes denser, gravity causes it to move downslope
.This puts pressure on the tectonic plates causing them to move apart

34
Q

How do plates move at each of the following plate boundaries:

Constructive:

Destructive:

Conservative:

A
  1. Away
  2. Towards
  3. Alongside
35
Q

Outline the process of slab pull at ocean trenches:

A

.At destructive plate boundaries
.The oceanic plate subducts as it is more dense
.The cold dense plate is pulled downward by gravity
as it’s denser than the asthenosphere
.This pulls the rest of the plate behind it

36
Q

Outline the formation of ocean ridges:

A

.Plates diverge in oceanic areas due to convection currents and gravitational sliding
.This creates fissures that allows rising magma to escape from the highly pressurised interior of the planet
.Magma fills the gap and eventually erupts onto the surface and cools as new land [1].

Geography - Hazards (1 decks)

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