hazards

Question 1

where is the focus?

Answer 1

deep in the mantle
(deeper = less impact)

Question 2

what are the 4 layers of the earth?

Answer 2

1. inner core - solid metal
2. outer core - liquid metal
3. mantle - thickest
4. crust - continental and oceanic

Question 3

what is an earthquake?

Answer 3

the sudden violent shaking of the ground due to the Earth’s plates moving building up friction, realising the pressure energy in the form of shaking.

Question 4

what are convection currents?

Answer 4

are in the mantle, caused by heat from the core, resulting in the crust moving

Question 5

what are the 4 types of plate boundaries?

Answer 5

constructive, destructive, conservative, collision

Question 6

describe constructive PB?

Answer 6

plates moving apart from one another. this allows for magma to rise up to form new crust and a volcano (weak)

Question 7

landforms created from constructive PB?
(example)

Answer 7

ocean ridges, volcanoes

ICELAND

Question 8

describe destructive PB?

Answer 8

oceanic plate is being subducted under the continental plate. the plate becomes magma due to melting from the friction

Question 9

landforms created from destructive PB?

(example + hazards)

Answer 9

oceanic trenches and volcanoes (dangerous)

Mount Etna Sicily
tsunamis and earthquakes

Question 10

describe conservative PB?

Answer 10

plates sliding past each other, pressure builds from the different angles; speed they move at realising as an earthquake

Question 11

landforms created from conservative PB?

(example + hazards)

Answer 11

non created

earthquakes
San Andreas Fault, CA

Question 12

describe collision PB?

Answer 12

2 continental plates the collide, forcing the sediment in the middle to be forced upwards

Question 13

landforms created from collision PB?

(examples + hazard)

Answer 13

fold mountains

earthquakes
Himalayas

Question 14

what is a hot spot?

Answer 14

thin crust allowing magma to burst through. they form volcanos

Question 15

largest recorded earthquake?

Answer 15

Chile 1960 (9.5 on the Richter scale)

Question 16

how to measure an earthquake?

Answer 16

Richter and Mercalli scale

Question 17

comparing the HIC and LIC earthquakes:

Answer 17

Christchurch, NZ
Haiti

Question 18

comparing primary effects of both earthquakes

Answer 18

HIC: 181 deaths; 2000 injured; 50% damaged buildings

LIC: 300,000 deaths; 1mill homeless; 3mill affected, 250,000 homes destroyed/damaged

Question 19

comparing secondary impacts

Answer 19

HIC: loss of income and jobs; no rugby world cup; damages pipes

LIC: jobs lost 20%; make shift shanty towns; damaged ports,
roads, coms; crime; cholera

Question 20

what are the 3 P’s?

Answer 20

prediction - scientists
prepare - educate
protection - tech

Question 21

why are seismic areas good?

Answer 21

1. fertile soil = jobs, food = ££
2. tourism = jobs = ££ locally
3. minerals = jobs = ££

Question 22

indications of a volcanic eruption

Answer 22

change in…
shape, temp
all monitered through equipment
NOT ALLWAYS POSSIBLE!

Question 23

what is the coriolis force

Answer 23

a force created from the spin of the earth

Question 24

what provides energy for a TS?

Answer 24

warm ocean water

Question 25

conditions needed for a TS?

Answer 25

+27'C sea temp +70meter in sea depth trade winds

Question 26

location of TS occur?

Answer 26

5' - 20' north and south of the equator

Question 27

how long does a TS last?

Answer 27

7-14 days

Question 28

how to measure the strength of a TS?

Answer 28

Saffir-Simpson scale

Question 29

how to measure the intensity of a TS?

Answer 29

Mercalli scale

Question 30

why are LIC's more impacted by TS?

Answer 30

- poorly structured buildings - lack of prep - heavy relied on own agricultre

Question 31

TS case study?

Answer 31

Typhoon Haiyan

Question 32

long tern impact of TH

Answer 32

- bodies being found 7 weeks later -cholera

Question 33

long term responses of TH

Answer 33

mangroves re-planted no-build zones

Question 34

primary impacts of TH?

Answer 34

90% of structures destroyed/damaged 8000 deaths 2 mill homeless

Question 35

secondary impacts of TH?

Answer 35

bodies unburied = disease disease infected woods agricultural destruction loss of national income