Hazards Flashcards
(20 cards)
Prevention
The action of stopping something from happening
Prediction
Suggesting what might happen in the future
Park response model
A model to show the changing quality of life through diffrent phases of a disaster
Park model stages
Stage 1: Pre-disaster modifying the cause and event
Stage 2: the hazardous even occurs
Stage 3: relief (hours to days)search, rescue and care
Stage 4: Relief and rehabilitation period may include outside help (national or international) modify the loss (eg. Aid and temporary housing and services)
Stage 5: Reconstruction (weeks to years) nature of recovery related to: the need to reduce vulnerability, the need to restore normality as soon as possible
Hazard management cycle
A cycle showing phases of response, recovery, mitigation and preparedness in the management of a hazard
Response in the hazard management cycle
Response - efforts to minimise the hazards created by a disaster. For example, search and rescue and providing emergency relief.
Recovery for the hazard management cycle
Returning the community to normal. For example, providing temporary housing, grants and medical care.
Mitigation hazard management cycle
Minimising the effects of the disaster. For example, building codes and zoning, vulnerability analyses and public education.
Preparedness
Planning how to respond. For example, creating preparedness plans, engaging in emergency exercises and training and putting warning systems in place.
Slab pull
Occurs at a destructive boundary
Dense, oceanic plate is subducted
Plate sinks into the mantle, the rest of the plate follows
Ridge push
Also know as gravitational sliding
Occurs at constructive plate boundaries
Magma rises up and solidifies, creating new plates and pushing old plates apart
Convection currents
Hot magma rises and spreads put under the plates
As it cools it becomes denser and sinks
Destructive plate boundary
Two plates push together and the heavier oceanic crust gets subducted beneath the lighter continental crust. Move towards one another. Causes earthquakes and volcanoes.
Example Nazca and south American plates are converging
Conservative plate boundary
Two plates slide in the same direction however the Pacific plate is moving faster. As the plates slide past each other they snag. Plates break causing a sudden surge forward.
Example Pacific plate, North American plate
Collision boundary
Two CONTINENTAL plates crash into each other as they collide they trigger earthquakes. The rocks between the plates get pushed up and folded.
Example indo Australian plate and Eurasian plate
Constructive plate boundary
Two plates move apart from each other. A gap appears and molten magma rises to fill the gap. Solidifies to create new rocks on the sea bed. Over time the layers of new rock build up and break through the surface of the ocean.
Example north America plate, eurasian plate
Fissure volcano
Occurs when two plates move apart. Lava is ejected through fissure. Normally comprised of basalt. Lava fills up hollows rather than creating a dome. Constructive plate boundary.
Sheild volcano
Lava flows froma central vent. Lava spreads over a large area before solidifying. Results in a cone with long, gentle sides. Made up of many layers.
Dome volcanoe
Flows from a cental vent
Acid lava quickly solidifies
Steep sides, convex cone.
Volcano is made up of many layers
