hazards

Question 1

richter scale

Answer 1

logarithmic 1-10
measures magnitude (how powerful shaking is)

Question 2

mercalli scale

Answer 2

1-12
measures impacts from observations

Question 3

moment magnitude scale

Answer 3

logarithmic
amount of energy released

Question 4

saffir simpson

Answer 4

tropical storms
category 1 (120-150km/h) to category 5 (250+km/h)
wind speeds + damage

Question 5

Subsidence

Answer 5

sinking or lowering of the Earth’s surface, often caused by the removal of support underneath

Question 6

storm surge

Answer 6

sudden rise in sea level caused by a powerful tropical storm when strong winds and low pressure push seawater onto the land, often causing severe coastal flooding.

Question 7

liquefaction

Answer 7

compacted sediments loses strength and
stiffness in response to an applied stress such as shaking during an
earthquake
Material that is ordinarily a solid behaves like a liquid
Liquefaction requires a degree of soil saturation to occur

Question 8

park model stages

Answer 8

Pre-disaster
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

Question 9

rift valley formation

Answer 9

2 continental plates diverge
rising magma causes land to bulge and fracture forming parallel faults
crust between faults drops down

Question 10

pyroclastic flow / nuee ardente

Answer 10

A glowing, superheated mass of gas, ash and dust which is emitted from a volcano and moves at great speed

Question 11

island arcs

Answer 11

Heavier plate subducts leaving an
ocean trench
Built up pressure causes underwater
volcanoes bursting through oceanic
plate.
Lava cools and creates new land

Question 12

tsunamis

Answer 12

the seabed is displaced vertically at subduction zones
a large amount of water is displaced in columns which moves outwards