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Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Nepal earthquake happen?

A

25th April 2015

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2
Q

How strong was the Nepal earthquake?

A

7.9 magnitude

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3
Q

How many people died in the Nepal earthquake?

A

9,000 people and 19,000 injured

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4
Q

What did people need in the Nepal earthquake?

A

1.4 million people needed food and water and shelter

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5
Q

How many homes destroyed in the Nepal earthquake?

A

3 million homes

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6
Q

How much was the cost of damages in the Nepal earthquake?

A

$5 billion

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7
Q

What secondary effects were there after the Nepal earthquake?

A
  • Avalanches on Mt Everest killed 19 people
  • Landslides occurred
  • Gas pipes ruptured and fire spread
  • Many aftershocks (one was strong then the original earthquake)
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8
Q

How many many tents set up after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Half a million tents provided

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9
Q

What were the shirt tern responses to the Nepal earthquake?

A
  • Search and rescue began
  • Sniffer dogs sent
  • Field hospitals set up
  • Helicopters sent to help rescue those trapped in avalanches
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10
Q

What was the problem with the short term responses of the Nepal earthquake?

A

Aid was slow to arrive because the runway was too short for the average plane to land on so aid had to divert to India and move to smaller planes to get to Nepal. This slowed response time

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11
Q

How many schools had to be rebuilt after the Nepal earthquake?

A

7000 schools

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12
Q

What were the long term responses to the Nepal earthquake?

A
  • Roads and landslide
  • Building regulations to make buildings more earthquake proof were implementing
  • Homes and historical monuments were rebuilt
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13
Q

What happened to tourism after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Tourism increased

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14
Q

When was the Kobe earthquake?

A

17th January 1995

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15
Q

How powerful was the Kobe earthquake?

A

It had a 7.2 magnitude

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16
Q

How many people died in the Kobe earthquake?

A

6,400 people died and 40,000 injured

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17
Q

How many homes destroyed in the Kobe earthquake?

A

200,000 homes destroyed and 300,000 homeless people

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18
Q

What was the cost of damage in the Kobe earthquake?

A

$100 billion

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19
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Kobe earthquake?

A
  • Liquefaction
  • Gas pipes ruptured and fires spread
  • Many aftershocks which lasted for 30 minutes
  • Roads collapsed slowing down emergency services
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20
Q

What were the short term responses to the Kobe earthquake?

A
  • Search and rescue began
  • Sniffer dogs sent
  • Field hospitals set up
  • Tents provided
  • Blankets and food donated within 24 hours
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21
Q

What were the long term responses to the Kobe earthquake?

A
  • Roads and schools rebuilt
  • Laws were passed to make buildings more earthquake regulations more earthquake proof
  • Seismometers placed around Kobe to monitor future earthquakes
  • By July 1995, all gas and water pipes were repaired
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22
Q

How did Japan’s high rise motorways impact the effects of the Kobe earthquake?

A

Japan has a lot of high rise motorways, when these collapsed it made search and rescue harder as crossing the city became impassible increasing the death toll and slowing down the short term response, although only by hours, not days like in Nepal.

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23
Q

Where did Typhoon Haiyan happen?

A

The Philippines

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25
Q

How powerful was Typhoon Haiyan?

A

It was a category 5 hurricane and one of the strongest storm on record

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26
When did Typhoon Haiyan take place?
November 2013
27
How many homes destroyed due to Typhoon Haiyan?
40,000 homes destroyed and 1.9 million homeless
28
How much money in damages due to Typhoon Haiyan?
$14.5 billion in damages
29
What are the secondary effects of Typhoon Haiyan?
- Oil and sewage leaks in to the habitats - Disease spread - Farming lost out on large amounts of revenue from damaged crops - Power supplies cut off for a month - Looting and Violence broke out in the capital of Tacloban
30
How many people were evacuated due to Typhoon Haiyan?
800,000 evacuated and 1,200 evacuation shelters set up
31
What were some of the short term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
- Field hospitals set up - Police arrived to stop any looting - Food deliveries by the Red Cross
32
How much money did the UK donated for Typhoon Haiyan?
$131 million
33
What were the long term responses to Typhoon Haiyan?
- Search and rescue for bodies still occurring in January 2014 (very slow) - It was over a month before residents were allowed back home - Took over a week for aid to be distributed
34
Where did Hurricane Irma hit?
Caribbean islands like Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Cuba and Florida (USA)
35
When did Hurricane Irma happen?
September 2017
36
How many people died due to Hurricane Irma?
134 people
37
How much damage did Hurricane Irma cause?
90% of homes on some islands were destroyed and $65 billion in damages
38
How many prisoners escaped due to Hurricane Irma?
100 prisoners escaped on the British Virgin Islands
39
How much did the water levels rise due to Hurricane Irma?
Hurricane Irma caused water levels to rise by 2.3 meters
40
What happened to tourism due to Hurricane Irma?
Tourism declined and is expected to cause a $63 billion loss of revenue
41
What happened to Puerto Rico due to Hurricane Irma?
In Puerto Rico many homes still lacked power and children were going to school with no electricity 6 months on
42
What happened to insurance claims due to Hurricane Irma?
Insurance claims increased and cost of home insurance went up
43
What were the short term responses to Hurricane Irma?
- Uk and France sent aid workers, food and medicines to the Caribbean islands they ‘own’ - 6 doctors sent over from the UK - Food and emergency shelters donated - Building material to rebuild sent over
44
What were the long term responses to Hurricane Irma?
- Tourism to the island has started to increase - Homes were rebuilt - Electricity and gas supplies re established - Better training for the Caribbean emergency services offered
45
When did the Somerset Floods happen?
350 my of rainfall fell in January and February 2014 (100mm more than normal)
46
How many homes flooded due to the Somerset floods?
600 homes flooded and 16 farms evacuated
47
What were some of the social effects of the Somerset floods?
- Temporary accommodation set up for several months - Power supplies cut off
48
How much damage was caused due to the Somerset floods?
£10 million in damages
49
What were some of the economic effects of the Somerset floods?
- 14,000 ha of farm land flooded for 3-4 months meaning no crops produced - Roads cut off so people couldn’t get to work
50
What were some of the environmental effects of the Somerset floods?
- Water became polluted - Habitat flooded - Debris had to be cleared from the water and surrounding fields
51
What were the short term responses to the Somerset floods?
- Boats to transport and rescue people in flooded villages - Local communities rallied around each other sharing food and accommodation
52
What were the long term responses to the Somerset floods?
- Dredging of the river to increase volume of water the river can hold - River banks raised - Flood defences installed - Road heights raised
53
When did the Beast from the East hit the UK?
March 2018
54
What caused the Beast from the East to happen?
Polar continental winds reached the UK due to the increased strength of the polar jet stream
55
How many people died due to Typhoon Haiyan?
7,500 people died
56
How many people died in the Beast from the East?
10 people died
57
How long were schools shut for due to the Beast from the East?
3 days
58
What were social effects of the Beast from the East?
- NHS had to cancel their appointments - many stranded on M80 in Scotland - power supplies cut off - gas shortage
59
What were economic effects of the Beast from the East?
- trains and buses didn’t run so people couldn’t get to work - roads were cut off so people couldn’t get to work - flight cancelled
60
What were the environmental effects of the Beast from the East?
- habitats frozen - increased pollution from engines running all night as people were trapped in their cars
61
What were the short term responses to the Beast from the East?
- armed forces to rescue stranded and take NHS workers to work - greggs delivered free food to those stuck on the M80 - taxi drivers offered to get medicines for the elderly who were trapped
62
What were the long term responses to the Beast from the East?
- government increased stock piles of salt - business lose profits for lack of workers
63
What is the definition of a natural hazard?
A natural occuring event that poses a threat to people or damages property
64
What are the 2 categories of natural hazard?
Tectonic and climatic
65
66
What the different types of tectonic hazards?
- earthquake - volcano - tsunami
67
What are the different types of climatic hazards?
- flooding - droughts - tropical storms
68
What factors affects hazard risk?
- population growth - urbanisation - changes to the natural environment

Geography (6 decks)

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