hazards

Question 1

what factors influence the impact of a hazard?

Answer 1

• preparedness (MITIGATION+ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES)
• state of the economy
• population (DEMOGRAPHICS, DENSITY)
• magnitude
• intensity
• frequency
• level of development
• topography
• geology
• type of hazard (SHALLOW/ DEEP FOCUS, EFFUSIVE/ EXPLOSIVE etc.)
• geographic location
• politics

Question 2

what is the DISASTER RISK EQUATION?

Answer 2

r (risk) = h (magnitude/ frequency) * v (vulnerability
_____________________________
c (capacity to cope)

Question 3

VULNERABILITY

Answer 3

ability of person/ community to WITHSTAND EXPOSURE TO+ RISKS FROM a HAZARD e.g. earthquake/ volcanic eruption, PREPARE, and PREDICT
MOST VULNERABLE when relatively small event/ physical changes have MAJOR SOCIO- ECONOMIC IMPACTS
how SUSCEPTIBLE an area is to loss of life/ damage (DISASTER)

Question 4

RESILIENCE

Answer 4

indication of RATE OF RECOVERY from hazardous event - how well can withstand the event and remain functioning
e.g. resources and strategies like warning systems, building design, emergency aid/ search and rescue
HIGH RESILIENCE means QUICKER RECOVERY (link to Park’s disaster response curve)

Question 5

what do VULNERABILITY and RESILIENCE link to?

Answer 5

CAPACITY TO COPE

Question 6

how has the RISK of TECTONIC HAZARDS changed OVERTIME?

Answer 6

• number of natural DISASTERS has increased but not the frequency of EARTHQUAKES+ VOLCANOES
• over last 50 years, avg. 30 volcanic eruptions+ earthquakes a year
• however, impact has worsened due to POPULATION GROWTH, which has resulted in more people living in at- risk zones

Question 7

what factors affect the shape of PARK’S DISASTER RESPONSE CURVE?

Answer 7

PHYSICAL:
* speed of onset of event
* magnitude of event
* length of event
* type of hazard
HUMAN:
* level of monitoring
* money (rebuild)
* degree of prep
* quality+ quantity of relief

Question 8

what type of curve would an AC have?

Answer 8

steeper gradient as faster recovery + less impact

Question 9

what type of curve would an LIDC have?

Answer 9

deeper+ less steep gradient due to slower recovery + greater impact

Question 10

how would a curve for an earthquake differ from one for a volcanic eruption?

Answer 10

earthquake would have a steeper drop+ less steep gradient due to harder to prepare for+ predict+ recover from