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Geography AWI/FHA > Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

What is mainly the inner core composed of?

A

Iron and nickel

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2
Q

Solid or liquid? Inner core

A

Solid

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3
Q

Solid or liquid? Outer core- Why?

A

Liquid, the heat from the inner core causes the iron and nickel to melt and become liquidated

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4
Q

Solid or liquid? Mantle

A

Solid

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5
Q

What is the type of sphere called on the ground?

A

Lithosphere

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6
Q

What is the bottom half of the mantle called?

A

The aesthenosphere

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7
Q

What does the asthenosphere do?

A

It generates convection currents which pushes magam up vents and forms a new crust as it moves along

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8
Q

What are the two types of crust?

A

Oceanic and Continental

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9
Q

What is the oceanic crust mostly formed of?

A

Basalt

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10
Q

What is the continental crust mostly formed of?

A

Granite

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11
Q

What happens to the oceanic crust when it makes contact with a continental crust?

A

It sinks under it and is recycled as a destructive plate

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12
Q

What are the three types of plate margins?

A

Constructive, conservative, destructive

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13
Q

What occurs at a constructive plate margin?

A

The two plates move apart from each other

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14
Q

What occurs at a destructive plate margin?

A

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

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15
Q

What natural events happen at a constructive plate margin?

A

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

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16
Q

What natural events happen at a constructive plate margin?

A

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

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17
Q

What are the three types of merging pairs called?

A

Oceanic- Oceanic Continental-Continental Oceanic- Continental

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18
Q

What is formed as a result of the oceanic- continental and what is an example of where this is

A

Deep sea trench- Peru-chili plate pacific ocean

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19
Q

What is formed as a result of the oceanic- oceanic and what is an example of where this is

A

Deep Sea Island arch- North Pacific, Mariana islands

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20
Q

What is formed as a result of the continental - continental and what is an example of where this is

A

Folded mountains- The himalayas

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21
Q

Conservative plate margins- When do they occur?

A

When two plates slide against each other

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22
Q

How do conservative plate margins cause earthquakes ?

A

When they slide they lock and large pressure builds up until all of a sudden they break free. Causing a large amount of energy to shakes the ground.

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23
Q

What landforms can be created as a result of an earthquake?

A

Fault lines

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24
Q

What are disasters measured by?

Study These Flashcards
A

Death toll, economic impact and other land changes

25
Give a named example of a significant earthquake and some impacts (Env, EC, Soc)
Japan - predicted 7.2 but was actually 9 - $200 billion - 5,000 death - 4 edges of tectonic plates
26
Give a named example of a volcanic eruption and what happened as a result of it
Mount Ontake- 2014
27
Give an example of a hurricane and state some characteristics and impacts
``` Hurricane Katrina Category 5 1,000,000 evacuated with one day notice 100m high wave 210km/h wind speeds ```
28
What is the definition of a natural hazard?
Natural occurring physical phenomena caused by either rapid or slow events.
29
What are four parts of the hazard management system?
Response Recovery Preparedness Mitigation
30
What is mitigation?
Minimising the effects of a disaster for next time
31
Give an example where a volcanic eruption took place
Indonesia
32
What is the order of layers starting from the surface to the centre of the earth?
Crust --> asthenosphere --> mantle--> outer core --> inner core
33
What factors affect people's perception of hazards?
Religion Beliefs Occupation Experiences
34
What 3 ways do people perceive natural hazards?
Fatalism Adoption Fear
35
What does the park model show?
How the damage affects from the normal life
36
When do constructive plate margins occur?
When two plates diverge from each other
37
What are dormant volcanoes called that are in the sea?
Sea mounds
38
What does VEI mean?
Volcanic Explosivity Index
39
What are plinian eruptions and what do they form?
They produce rhyolitic or andesitic lava with a high viscosity builds up slowly and is suddenly released in a high explosive away
40
What is the general pattern of earthquake numbers and magnitude?
The higher the magnitude the less frequent earthquakes are per year
41
What does the VEI measure?
- Volume of ejected lava - Height of the eruption - Duration
42
What are some issues with the VEI?
They measure the emissions produced or the atmospheric damage to the atmosphere
43
What are some secondary effects of seismic events?
Tsunami's Landslides Sil liquefaction
44
What is the Mercalli scale?
It is a scale for seismic hazards based on someone's opinion
45
Example of multi-hazards in a country and explain two hazards
Typhoon Haiyan | Tsunami caused as a result
46
What is a natural hazard?
A naturally occurring physical phenomena caused by rapid or slow onset events. These can be geophysical, hydrological, climatological, meteorological and biological
47
Give an example of a Hurricane event that happened to a HIC- Give some key points about it
Hurricane Katrina- USA August 2005 - Category 5 - Began as a low category over the bahamas - Then developed to category 4 and named Katrina - 1 Million refugees - Flood defences destroyed and flooded majorly consuming 80% - 55,000 homes destroyed - Looters emerged as a result
48
Give an example of a typhoon event that happened in a LIC
Typhoon Haiyan- Philippines 2013 - One of the strongest ever recorded - Became category 5 by 6th September - Eventually died out by the south of China - Poorly constructed homes- 6,000 fatalities - UK deployed ships to help
49
Give an example of a multi-hazard LIC and what occurred in the country
Philippines- Volcano Pinatubo- 1991 - Landslides - Earthquakes - Tsunamis - Typhoons - Volcanoes - Lahars
50
What is the theory of continental drift?
Heat from the earth travelled to the crust through convection currents in the asthenosphere and causes the magma to spread and cool which causes the plates to become more denser and sink downstairs
51
How far do the plates roughly move per year?
0-100mm
52
What is the theory of ridge pull?
A rock melts due to the intense heat from the magma, It then expands and becomes elevated. New rock is then cooled and becomes denser, gravity then slides it away from it's mid ridge
53
What is the theory of slab pull?
As a subducting plate begins to sink, it pulls the rest of the plate with it.
54
What is community preparedness/risk sharing?
Being able to inform people of how to prepare/ face the hazard when it approaches
55
What do mean by integrated management risk?
Considering social, economic, political and environmental factors to assess the risk
56
What is an example of an earthquake event in a LIC?
``` Haiti January 12th 2010 Magnitude 7 300,000 injured cholera outbreaks UK sent aid 5 million displaced ```
57
What are some characteristics of oceanic crust?
5-10 km thick Formed of Basalt rock Sinks at continental plate recycled at destructive plate margins
58
What are some characteristics of continental crust?
20-200 km thick Granite rock and not destroyed at a margin Old

Geography AWI/FHA (5 decks)

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