hazards Flashcards
(28 cards)
conservative plate boundaries
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destructive plate boundaries
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constructive plate boundaries
what make the plates move
the convection currents
- liquid mantle is heated and rises
- liquid mantle cools and sinks
- when the cycle reaches the surface, the plates move
- this makes the crust unstable
what are the 4 layers of the earth
crust
mantle
outer core
inner core
Haiti primary effects
- 250,000 homes destroyed + 30,000 other buildings destroyed
- 1.3 million people homeless
- 1,300 schools badly damaged
- 316,000 people killed
- 4,000 inmates escaped
- 50+ hospitals damaged
Haiti secondary effects
- Water pipes were broken which meant that sewage got in the water system
- looting buildings became a severe problem
L’aquila primary effects
- 308 people killed
- 58,000 people made homeless
- 1,500 people injured
- 58,000 buildings damaged
L’aquila secondary effects
- damaged £11,434 million
- aftershocks hampered the rescue effort
- fires started in some collapsed buildings
Haiti immediate responses
- USA sent ships, helicopters, 10,000 troops, search & rescue teams & $100m in aid. EU sent $330m
- Haitian government moved 235,000 people from Port-au-Prince to less damaged cities
Haiti long-term responses
- Temporary schools created and new teachers trained
- Support for unemployed, through cash/food-for-work projects
L’aquila immediate responses
- camps were set up for homeless people
- cranes and diggers used to remove rubble
- 11,000 volunteers helped with aftermath
Oceanic crust qualities
- Thinner
- More dense
- Less than 200 million years old
Continental crust qualities
- Thick
- Less dense
- Over 200 million years old
Shield volcano characteristics
- Do not erupt violently
- Produces lots of lava
- Enormous features built up only from layers of lava
- Runs on constructive margins
Composite volcanoes characteristics
- happens when lava is acidic
- alternate layers are formed
- Found at destructive plate boundaries
Definition of G.A.C
the movement of air around the earth to try and balance the temperature
Distribution of tropical storms
Found around the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn commonly, not found at equator
Formation of tropical storm
- warm water provides energy for hurricane and evaporation
- Winds coming together force the air upwards
- winds flow outwards above the storms, allowing the air below to rise
- humid air rising makes the clouds of the storm
- light winds outside of the hurricane steer
Typhoon Haiyan effects
- 30,000 fishing boats destroyed
- 40,000 homes damaged or flattened
- 400mm rain fell caused flooding
- 600,000 people displaced
- 6300 deaths
- 14 million homeless people
Typhoon Haiyan responses
- Rebuilding of bridges
- International government responded quickly with food, water and temporary shelters
- Rebuilding of airport facilities
What is extreme weather
when the weather events is significantly different from average weather
Why is weather becoming worse in the UK?
Global warming
Cumbria flooding case study causes
- heavy rainfall
- previous rainfall
- relief
- urbanisation
