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Hazards > Hazards BK 3 - Volcanic Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards BK 3 - Volcanic Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

which plate margins do volcanoes occur?

A

Constructive
destructive continental/oceanic and oceanic/oceanic
hotspots

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2
Q

what determines how hazardous and how explosive volcano eruption will be

A

Nature of the magma

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3
Q

When is magma formed?

A

When rocks in the crust or mantle melt

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4
Q

How is magma classified?

A

according to its silicon and oxygen content (silica)

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5
Q

what are the three types of magma?

A

Basaltic, andesitic and rhyolitic

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6
Q

what does viscosity mean?

A

How runny or thick lava is

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7
Q

When does magma turn into lava?

A

When magma beneath the ground erupts onto the surface

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8
Q

What are some key features of basaltic magma?

A

45% Silica content
1000 C Eruption temperature
Very Runny
Tectonic Setting=Hotspots and Constructive margins
Not hazerdous

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9
Q

what are some key features of andesitic magma?

A

55% Silica
800 C Eruption Temperature
Sticky
Tectonic Setting = Both destructive plate margins
Very Hazardous

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10
Q

what are some key features of rhyolitic magma?

A

65% Silica Content
700 C Eruption Temperature
Very Sticky
Hotspots and Cont/Cont margins
Very Hazardous but rare

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11
Q

The more acidic, the magma

A

The more explosive the eruption

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12
Q

What does effusive mean?

A

The opposite of explosive

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13
Q

What are the six types of volcano?

A

fissure volcano, shield volcano, Dome volcano, ash- cinder volcano, composite volcano and caldera volcano

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14
Q

what are some features of fissure volcanoes?

A

they occur on cracked or faults. They are non-explosive and have a basaltic magma.

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15
Q

What are some features of shield volcanoes?

A

they are the largest, they have broad and gentle slopes. They are formed from lava that has cooled and solidified theyre non-explosive.

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16
Q

what are dome volcanoes made from and what are eruptions like

A

they are made of rapidly, cooling, viscous lava, eruptions are explosive

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17
Q

What are cinder volcanoes made up from

A

They are mounds made from basaltic magma, built up during an eruption

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18
Q

What are some features of composite volcanoes?

A

they are cone chipped and made of alternating layers of ash and lava from previous eruptions, eruptions are explosive

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19
Q

what are some features of caldera volcanoes?

A

Huge circular depressions caused by a sudden collapse of a volcano crater. During an eruption they can be formed from other volcanoes.

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20
Q

What is the equivalent to the Richter scale for volcanoes?

A

Volcanic explosivity index

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21
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 0

A

quiet and effusive

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22
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 1-3

A

more violent and may cause some localised damage

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23
Q

what are VEI eruptions on a scale 4-5

Study These Flashcards
A

moderately explosive and damage may be on a regional scale

24
Q

what are VEI eruptions more than 6

Study These Flashcards
A

a very large scale and may cause global impacts through climate

25
what does the term Icelandic mean?
A term to describe, magma flow and gently through a fissure or a crack
26
What are Hawaiian eruptions?
Where magma flows gently from a volcano central vent
27
what are Strombolian eruptions?
Violent and are associated with andesitic magma
28
What are Pelean eruptions?
Associated with andesitic magma and include pyroclastic flows Violent explosions Usually clear a blocked vent
29
What are features of plinian/vesuvian eruptions
Violent and andesitic in nature, causing large amount of material to be ejected
30
What are krakatoen eruptions like
exceptionally violent in Mira move much of the volcanoes original cone
31
Do a effusive or explosive eruptions happen more regularly
effusive
32
what is the VEI of a Hawaiian, Strombolian, Volcanion, and Plinian eruptions like?
Hawaiian= 0-1 Strombolian = 3-4 Volcanian(Pelean)= 5-6 Plinian=8+
33
what sort of eruptions happen at shield volcanoes?
Hawaiian
34
What sort of volcanoes, see Strombolian eruptions?
Fissure and Cindercone volcanoes
35
what sort of volcano see Plinian and Vulcanian eruptions?
Composite
36
what sort of volcano see Krakatoan eruption is?
Caldera
37
where do basaltic eruptions happen?
Hotspots and constructive plates
38
What’s another name for Pelean eruptions
Volcanian
39
Where is an example of andesitic eruption volcano
The Andes or mount Pinatubo
40
What’s an example of where rhyolitic eruptions happen
Mount Saint Helens
41
what is a lava flow
Floors of magma that has been extruded from a volcano vent
42
is there a lava flow a primary or secondary Hazard?
Primary
43
what is tephra?
Solid material ejected from the eruption of a volcano, sometimes from pyroclastic fallout
44
what does Tephra include
volcanic bombs, lapilli and ash
45
what are some effects of ash?
Can cause buildings to collapse, can suffocate crops and clog river channels
46
is tephra a primary or secondary Hazard
Primary
47
What is a pyroclastic flow?
Dense fluidised clouds of ash, larger, volcanic, debris and hot gas that can travel vast distances at high speeds, destroying everything in their path
48
is a pyroclastic flow, a primary or secondary hazard
Primary
49
what is a volcanic gas
Carbon dioxide carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and chlorine that are all toxic
50
what are some impact of volcanic gases?
People and livestock to suffocate and impact in aquatic ecosystems
51
what are lahars?
When volcanic ash combines with water, for example, rain or a typhoon
52
is a lahar a primary or secondary Hazard?
Secondary
53
What are some impact of acid rain?
causing damage to vegetation and corroding buildings
54
how can volcanic eruptions impact climate change?
Debris ejected during an explosion can reach the troposphere and reduce temperatures by deflecting incoming solar radiation back to space
55
what are some impact of volcanic eruptions?
Homelessness, disease, disruption to flights, secondary mass movement, lack of basic necessities, transport blocked
56
What is a social impact of pyroclastic flows?
they cause serious, burning

Hazards (13 decks)

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