HazMat Exposure

Question 1

In the case of a WMD, what is the primary concerns for all personnel

Answer 1

Scene safety & stage at a safe distance

Question 2

The protocol covers exposure to what

Answer 2

a. Chemical
b. Biological
c. Radiological
d. Agents

Question 3

A color code is assigned to each protocol in what section

Answer 3

Chemical section

Question 4

If risk of exposure from fumes is high who should be contacted

Answer 4

HazMat team

Question 5

All patient who have been exposed must be _____ prior to initiation of treatment and transport

Answer 5

Decontaminated

Question 6

What is the minimum PPE for treatment outside if level A was worn in the hazardous area

Answer 6

Level C

Question 7

Methylene chloride is converted inside the body to what chemical

Answer 7

Carbon Monoxide

Question 8

What gas can be liberated when Freon or chlorinated compounds are heated

Answer 8

Phosgene (CG)

Question 9

What drug is used to treat Hydrogen Sulfide exposures

Answer 9

Sodium Nitrite

Question 10

What does DNB stand for

Answer 10

Dinitrobenzene

Question 11

DNB is explosive, and is detonated by

Answer 11

Heat or shock

Question 12

What does DNB cause in the body

Answer 12

Methemoglobinemia

Question 13

What is the potential lethal dose of Ethylene Glycol

Answer 13

100 mL (1.0-1.5 mL/kg)

Question 14

Phase 1 of ethylene glycol

Answer 14

(30 mins - 12 hrs)

a. Ethanol-like inebriation
b. Metabolic acidosis
c. Seizures
d. Coma

Question 15

Phase 2 of ethylene glycol

Answer 15

(12 to 36 hrs)

a. Tachycardia
b. Tachypnea
c. Hypertension
d. PE

Question 16

Phase 3 of ethylene glycol

Answer 16

(36 to 48 hrs)

a. Crystalluria
b. Acute tubular necrosis w/ olinguria - renal failure

Question 17

Fluoride is fatal even if exposure is due to dilute solutions of

Answer 17

less than 3%

Question 18

Contact with as little as what solution of HF can cause death

Answer 18

7 mL of 100%

Question 19

Nitrogen products change Fe2 to what

Answer 19

Fe3 (methemoglobinemia)

Question 20

Phenol is also known as

Answer 20

Carbolic acid

Question 21

Dilute concentrations of 1-2% of Phenol may cause

Answer 21

Severe burns

Question 22

What chemical are treated under the Yellow guide

Answer 22

Acids & Acid mists
Alkaline compounds
Ammonia (liquid/gas)
Chlorine gas & Phosgene (CG)
Methylene biphenyl isocyanate, Ethyl isocyanate, Methylene dilsocyanate (MDI)
Mustard (sulfur mustard): Lewisite, blister agents (H, HD, HS)

Question 23

ALS level 1 for Yellow guide

Answer 23

Wheezing - Breathing treatment (ped. total 3 doses)

Inhaled chlorine/HCl - Sodium Bicarb 3ml mixed 3ml NS

Question 24

What chemical are treated under the Blue guide

Answer 24

Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, xylene)
Arsenic compounds (heavy metals)
Carbon monoxide
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (methylene chloride)

Question 25

ALS level 1 for Gray guide

Answer 25

SOB w/ chocolate blood: Methylene Blue - (1%) 1-2 mg/kg slow IV over 5 mins followed by 30 mL NS flush

Question 26

ALS level 2 for Gray guide

Answer 26

SOB continues: Methylene Blue - (1%) 1-2 mg/kg slow IV over 5 mins followed by 30 mL NS flush

Question 27

What chemical are treated under the Green guide

Answer 27

Carbamates: insecticide poisoning Organophosphates: insecticides & nerve (GA,GB,GD,GF,VX)

Question 28

ALS level 1 for Green guide

Answer 28

1-4 patients: Atropine - Adult: 0.03 mg/kg IV (2mg/70kg) (Ped: 0.05 mg/kg max. 3 mg) repeat ever 5 mins until symptoms stop Organophosphate: 2PAM - 1-2g in 100mL NS IV drip over 30 mins (severe case: max. rate of 200 mg/min or 1g/5mins) 5-more patients: Admins. DuoDote

Question 29

What chemical are treated under the Red guide

Answer 29

Cyanide: HCN, Hydrocyanic Acid (AC), Cyanogen chloride (CK) Hydrogen sulfide, Mercaptans Azides

Question 30

ALS level 1 for Red guide

Answer 30

Unconscious: Sodium Bicarb - 1 mEq/kg IV Cyanokit Hydrogen Sulfide: Sodium Nitrite - 10mL of 3% over 2 mins (300mg)

Question 31

What percent of circulating hemoglobin is converted to methemoglobin when Sodium Nitrite is admins.

Answer 31

20%

Question 32

Additional doses of Sodium Nitrite should only be done when

Answer 32

Once methemoglobin blood analysis is done

Question 33

Who is authorized to treat Hydrogen Sulfide exposures

Answer 33

Rescue supervisor & HazMat team paramedic

Question 34

What chemical are treated under the Pink guide

Answer 34

Ethylene glycol | Methanol

Question 35

ALS level 1 for Pink guide

Answer 35

Lungs clear: NS 100mL/h IV | 2x Normal Resp. rate: Sodium Bicard - 1-2 mEq/kg IV

Question 36

What chemical are treated under the Orange guide

Answer 36

HF | Vicane

Question 37

ALS level 1 for Orange guide

Answer 37

Burns to eyes: Calcium gluconate (10%) - 50mL/500mL NS Burns to skins: Calcium gluconate (10%) - 10mL/2oz KY (2.5% gel) place in glove Inhalation: Calcium gluconate (2.5%) - 1 mL/3mL NS Neb. (Severe: (10%) 1-2g slow IV over 5 mins)

Question 38

ALS level 2 for Orange guide

Answer 38

Systemic symptoms persist: Calcium gluconate (10%) - 1-2g slow IV over 5 mins (Ped: 100mg/kg max. 1g IV over 5 mins)

Question 39

What chemical are treated under the Purple guide

Answer 39

Ketones | Phosphine

Question 40

What chemical are treated under the White guide

Answer 40

Phenol (carbolic acid)

Question 41

Supportive care for white guide

Answer 41

Vegetable oil to exposed skin | Isopropyl alcohol: very small burns only

Question 42

Supportive care for Red/Gray/Purple guide

Answer 42

Activated charcoal - 1g/kg max. 50g PO for ingestion

Question 43

What chemicals are treated in the Gray guide

Answer 43

DNB | Nitrogen products