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YR 10 Science > HB & Psychology > Flashcards

HB & Psychology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is a synapse

A

The junction between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of an other neuron

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2
Q

What is action potential

A

Electrical charge that travels down its axon

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3
Q

What is reuptake

A

The sending neuron reabsorbs the excess neurotransmitters from the synapse

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4
Q

What are nerve cells called and what are they made up of

A

Neurons made of cell bodies, dendrites and axons

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5
Q

What type of nerve cells carry messages towards the brain and away from the brain?

A

Sensory and motor neurons

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6
Q

What are neurons

A

nerve cells that provide communication through the body

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7
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Produces energy for the cell

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8
Q

What do dendrites do

A

Receive impulses and conducts them to the cell body

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9
Q

What do axons do

A

carries messages away from the cell body

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10
Q

What does myelin do

A

Insulates and protects the axon

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11
Q

What Is the cerebral cortex

A

Wrinkled part of the brain, Controls mental processes such as thought

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12
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex and what do they do

A 
Frontal lobe (Movement and Thinking)
Parietal Lobe (Touch, sensation and spatial relationships)
Occipital Lobe (Visual Cortex)
Temporal Lobe (Process sounds including speech)
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13
Q

What is intelligence

A

It is the ability to learn from experience, to think rationally, and to deal with the environment effectively.

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14
Q

What is an achievement?

A

Knowledge and skills gained from experience.

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15
Q

Is intelligence an achievement?

A

No, Intelligence is NOT an achievement.

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16
Q

Define psychology

A

Psychology is the science of behaviour and mind. Includes the study of conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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17
Q

What does the left hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Controls language, logic, problem solving and math.

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18
Q

What does the right hemisphere of the brain do?

A

Deals with imagination, feelings, art and spatial relations.

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19
Q

Define cognition

A

the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

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20
Q

Overt and covert behaviours

A

Some examples of overt behaviour include walking, dancing, running,
Covert behaviour is any mental, social, or physical action or practice that is not immediately observable. For example, perceiving or remembering an event.

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21
Q

General mental ability - Spearman G-factor

A

General intelligence, also known as g factor, refers to the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures.

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22
Q

Define emotion

A

Emotion is associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioural responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure. … Emotions produce different physiological, behavioural and cognitive changes.

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23
Q

Multiple Intelligence - Gardner

A

Proposed 8 different kinds of intelligence within us

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24
Q

What is the first intelligence (Gardners multiple intelligences)

A
  1. Linguistic Intelligence (individuals’ ability to understand, speak and write a language)
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25
Gardner - 3
3. Visual spatial (People with Visual/Spatial intelligence are very aware of their surroundings and are good at remembering images. They have a keen sense of direction and often enjoy maps.)
26
Gardner - 2
2. Logical mathematical intelligence (Logical/mathematical intelligence refers to our ability to think logically, reason, and identify connections.)
27
Gardner - 4
4. Body Kinesthetics (excellent hand eye and motor coordination, good with hands and at sport)
28
Gardner - 6
6. Interpersonal intelligence - sensitivity to other's feelings (good with people)
29
Gardner - 5
5. Musical Rhythmic (Some people with musical intelligence are especially gifted at composing, singing or playing an instrument. They often have a song running through their head.)
30
Gardner - 7
7. Intrapersonal intelligence - Insight into own feelings.
31
Gardner - 8
8. Naturalistic - 'in time' with nature - aware of the environment.
32
Emotional intelligence - Goleman
5 factors that are involved in academic or occupational success (emotional intelligence)
33
Emotional intelligence - 1
- Self-awareness - Ability to recognise own feelings.
34
Emotional Intelligence - 2
- Mood management - Ability to separate one from unpleasant feelings.
35
Emotional intelligence - 3
- Self motivation - Ability to move ahead with confidence and enthusiasm
36
Emotional Intelligence - 4
- Impulse control - ability to delay pleasure until the task at hand has been accomplished
37
Emotional Intelligence - 5
- People skills - ability to empathise, understand, communicate and cooperate with others.
38
What is aptitude
the natural ability to do something.
39
What is an intelligence (IQ) test?
An intelligence quotient is a total score derived from several standardized tests designed to assess human intelligence.
40
General intelligence, Binet
Alfred Binet – 1st modern intelligence test(1905) • Measures - School Knowledge • Yielded mental age (MA) - Shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.
41
Rene Descartes
René Descartes invented analytical geometry and introduced skepticism as an essential part of the scientific method. He is regarded as one of the greatest philosophers in history. His analytical geometry was a tremendous conceptual breakthrough, linking the previously separate fields of geometry and algebra.
42
William James
Among his many accomplishments, he was the first to teach a psychology course in the U.S. and is often referred to as the father of American psychology.
43
Wilhelm Wundt
Wrote first textbook of psychology (Principles of Physiological Psychology, 1873-4) Set up first laboratory of experimental psychology (1879) Used the scientific method to study the structure of sensation and perception.
44
Who was Phineas Gage?
Phineas P. Gage was an American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his Frontal Lobe.
45
What type of scanning device was used to analyse Gage's brain?
CT (Computed Tomography) Scan
46
What part of Gage's brain was damaged?
The Frontal Lobe, however there may have been some damage elsewhere.
47
How did Gage change after the injury?
His personality changed. His reasoning changed and inhibition of behaviours.
48
Central vs Peripheral nervous system
central nervous system is Brain and spinal cord). Peripheral nervous system includes Autonomic (sympathetic NS which is arousing and Parasympathetic which is calming) and the somatic NS
49
What are the three parts of the brain and their main functions
The hind brain (vital functions, balance, respiration), midbrain (Vision and hearing) and forebrain
50
What makes up the hind brain and what do they do
medulla - vital functions Pons - body movement, attention and sleep Cerebellum - balance and coordination
51
What makes up the midbrain and what do they do
reticular active system (attention, sleep and arousal)
52
What makes up the midbrain
Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic System Cerebrum
53
Primary motor cortex function
generate neural impulses that control the execution of movement.
54
Primary motor cortex location
Frontal Lobe
55
Primary motor cortex definition
one of the principal brain areas involved in motor function
56
Somatosensory cortex defintion
The somatosensory cortex receives all sensory input from the body
57
Somatosensory cortex location
located in a ridge of cortex called the postcentral gyrus, which is found in the parietal lobe
58
Somatosensory cortex function
Neurons that sense feelings in our skin, pain, visual, or auditory stimuli, all send their information to the somatosensory cortex for processing.
59
What is the thalamus
Is a relay station for sensory info
59
What does the hypothalamus do
Regulates body temp, motivation, emotions. Also involved in hunger, thirst and sex behavior
60
What does the limbic system do and what does it make up
memory, emotion, sex, aggression. Made up of the hippocampus and amygdala
61
What is the cerebrum
Large part of the brain (70% of volume), coordination of voluntary activity in the body
62
What is the motor cortex
An area behind the frontal lobe that controls movement
63
What is the sensory cortex
Receives intro from skin senses and from the movement of body parts
64
What are the five different types of cortex
Sensory, motor, visual, auditory, olfactory
65
What is the association area
Involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking
66
What does Broca’s area do and where is it found
Produces language, found in left hemisphere
67
What is caused as a result of damage to broca’s area
Broca’s aphasia. Patients understand language, hard to find words and are aware of their problems
68
What does wernickes area do
Speech comprehension
69
What is caused as a result of damage to Wernicke’s area
Wernicke’s Aphasia. Difficult understanding speech. Speech is intelligible (nonsense words). Unaware of their disability
70
What is the corpus callosum
The structure that connects the two hemisphere of the brain
71
What are the 8 different intelligences
``` Verbal Logical Bodily Musical Visual Inter Intra Naturalist ```

YR 10 Science (6 decks)

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