HBHI - Chapter 2 Key Terms

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

an electrolyte that dissociates into a hydrogen ion and an anion; sour (grapefruit, lemon juice)

Question 2

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 2

energy transfer molecule

Question 3

alkaline

Answer 3

a pH measuring more than 7 indicating fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxyl ions

Question 4

anion

Answer 4

negatively charged ion

Question 5

aqueous solution

Answer 5

water acts as the solvent

Question 6

atom

Answer 6

smallest unit of an element with that elements chemical characteristics

Question 7

atomic mass

Answer 7

determined by adding the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Question 8

atomic number

Answer 8

number of protons in the nucleus

Question 9

base

Answer 9

substances that combine with the hydrogen ion; bitter taste and slippery (soap)

Question 10

catalyst

Answer 10

speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

Question 11

cation

Answer 11

positively charged ion

Question 12

colloid

Answer 12

gel-like substance; proteins remain suspended within the plasma

Question 13

compound

Answer 13

substance that contains molecules formed by two or more different atoms

Question 14

covalent bond

Answer 14

when two atoms share electrons in their outer shell

Question 15

electrolyte

Answer 15

a substance that forms ions when it is dissolved in water

Question 16

element

Answer 16

matter that is composed of atoms that have the same number of positive charges in their nuclei

Question 17

energy

Answer 17

ability to perform work

Question 18

enzyme

Answer 18

when proteins perform the role of catalysts

Question 19

hydrogen bond

Answer 19

not caused by the transfer or sharing of electrons of the outer shell of atoms; result of a weak attraction between water molecules

Question 20

ion

Answer 20

atoms that carry an electrical charge

Question 21

ionic bond

Answer 21

caused by a transfer of electrons between atoms

Question 22

ionization

Answer 22

products of disassociation (decay) are ions so process is referred to as

Question 23

isotope

Answer 23

different form of the same atom

Question 24

matter

Answer 24

anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 25

mixture

Answer 25

combo of two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

Question 26

molecule

Answer 26

when two or more atoms bond

Question 27

neturalize

Answer 27

when an acid and base cancel out opposing charges

Question 28

pH

Answer 28

unit of measurement; indicates how many hydrogen ions are in a solution

Question 29

polar molecule

Answer 29

molecule that that a lopsided charge - a positive and negative end

Question 30

precipitate

Answer 30

solid formed during a precipitation reaction

Question 31

radioactivity

Answer 31

process of spontaneous breakdown (decay)

Question 32

solute

Answer 32

substance present in smaller amount; substance being dissolved

Question 33

solvent

Answer 33

substance present in larger amount; does the dissolving and usually a liquid or gas

Question 34

solutions

Answer 34

mixtures

Question 35

suspension

Answer 35

mixtures; particles are relatively large and tend to settle to the bottom