Hcb Test 8

Question 1

What is decerebrate posturing?

Answer 1

Rigid extension of all four extremeties with hyper pronation of the forearms and plantar flexion of the feet

Question 2

What is decorticate posturing?

Answer 2

Posturing manifested by the obtunded patient pulling arms and hands medially toward the center (core) of the body in response to harmful stimuli

Question 3

What is hemiparesis?

Answer 3

Muscular weakness or partial paralysis restricted to one side of the body.

Question 4

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 4

Total or partial paralysis of one side of the body that results from injury to the motor centers of the brain

Question 5

What is intracranial pressure?

Answer 5

Pressure that occurs inside the skull, usually between 5 and 15 mmHg,contained within the brain tissue and CSF

Question 6

What is the Glasgow coma scale?

Answer 6

Used to evaluate a patient’s level of consciousness. Best possible score of 15

Question 7

What is guillain-barre syndrome?

Answer 7

Post infections disorder following a non specific gastrointestinal or respiratory infection that causes an acute neuromuscular paralysis

Question 8

What are meninges?

Answer 8

Any of the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord and include the arachnoid, dura mater and PIA mater

Question 9

What is stratus epilepticus?

Answer 9

Repeated seizure or seizure prolonged for at least 30 minutes; may be convulsive that is tonic/ clinic, non - convulsive, partial, or subclinical

Question 10

A& 0x3 meaning?

Answer 10

Alert and oriented to person, place and time

Question 11

Loc meaning?

Answer 11

Level of consciousness

Question 12

What is the main network of coordination and control for the body?

Answer 12

The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

The central nervous system is responsible for processing and transmitting information throughout the body.

Question 13

What comprises the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 13

Nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae, the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, and all of the body’s other motor sensory nerves

The peripheral nervous system connects the central nervous system to limbs and organs.

Question 14

What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 14

Coordinates and regulates the internal organs of the body, such as cardiac muscle and smooth muscle

The autonomic nervous system operates involuntarily.

Question 15

How many divisions does the autonomic nervous system have?

Answer 15

Two divisions

These divisions typically balance each other’s impulses.

Question 16

True or False: The peripheral nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 16

False

The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The autonomic nervous system has two divisions, each tending to _______ the impulses of the other.

Answer 17

balance

This balance is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Question 18

Fill in the blanks. The sympathetic division prods the body into action during times of _____and______

Answer 18

Physiologic and psychological stress

Question 19

The__________ division functions in a complementary and a counterbalancing manner to conserve body resources and maintain day to day body functions such as digestion and elimination

Answer 19

Parasympathetic

Question 20

How many lobes of the brain are there?

Answer 20

4

Question 21

What are the three major units of the brain?

Answer 21

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem

Question 22

What is the function of the Olfactory Nerve (CN I)?

Answer 22

Sensory: smell reception and interpretation

Arises in the olfactory neurosensory cells of the nasal mucous membrane and passes to the anterior part of the cerebrum.

Question 23

What is the sensory function of the Optic Nerve (CN II)?

Answer 23

Visual acuity and visual fields

Conducts visual impulses from the eye to the brain.

Question 24

Which cranial nerve controls four muscles of the eye?

Answer 24

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Arises from the midbrain.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) is responsible for _______.

Answer 25

[raising eyelids, most extraocular movements] ## Footnote It also has parasympathetic functions such as pupillary constriction and changing lens shape.

Question 26

What is the motor function of the Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)?

Answer 26

Downward, inward eye movement ## Footnote Supplies some of the eye muscles with movement.

Question 27

What are the motor functions of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)?

Answer 27

Jaw opening and clenching, chewing, and mastication ## Footnote Supplies motor and sensory fibers mostly in the face.

Question 28

What sensory areas does the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) provide sensation to?

Answer 28

* Cornea * Iris * Lacrimal glands * Conjunctiva * Eyelids * Forehead * Nose * Nasal and mouth mucosa * Teeth * Tongue * Ear * Facial skin ## Footnote This nerve is crucial for facial sensation.

Question 29

What is the function of the Abducens Nerve (CN VI)?

Answer 29

Motor: supplying movement to the outer and lateral side of each eye ## Footnote It is involved in eye movement.

Question 30

How many cranial nerves have parasympathetic functions?

Answer 30

Four ## Footnote This includes the Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) and others.

Question 31

Objective data for a concussion.

Answer 31

Dazed expression Slow motor and verbal responses,slurred speech Emotional liability Hypersensitivity to stimuli

Question 32

Plan/treatment for a concussion

Answer 32

Immobilize and evaluate cervical spine if needed Level of consciousness does not quickly return to normal

Question 33

What is a plan/treatment for meningitis?

Answer 33

Initiate respiratory isolation Administer supplemental oxygen Fluid boluses 20ml/kg for hypotension and poor perfusion

Question 34

What is subjective data for a stroke?

Answer 34

Sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body.

Question 35

Objective data for a stroke

Answer 35

Elevated blood pressure Altered LOC Weakness or paralysis of extremities or facial muscles on both or one side of the body in response

Question 36

Subjective data for peripheral neuropathy

Answer 36

Gradual onset of numbness, tingling, burning and cramping most commonly in the hands and feet

Question 37

Objective data for peripheral neuropathy

Answer 37

Distal pulses may be present or diminished

Question 38

When does diabetes mellitus type 2 occur?

Answer 38

When the body's cells fail to use insulin properly

Question 39

When does type 1 dm occur?

Answer 39

When pancreatic cells fail to function properly and insulin is not secreted normally

Question 40

What two types of glands does the body contain?

Answer 40

Exocrine and endocrine