HCI Flashcards
1
Q
Technology changes interaction style (T/F)
A
True
2
Q
Design is ……..
A
achieving goals within constraints
3
Q
Golden rule of design is
A
understand your materials
4
Q
When designing GUI applications the materials are
1-
2-
A
[Understand Computer]
[Understand People]
5
Q
We should design for human error (T/F)
A
True
6
Q
The steps of design process is: 1- 2- 3- 4- 5-
A
1-[requirements] 2-[analysis] 3-[design] 4-[iteration and prototyping] 5-[implementation and deployment]
7
Q
The requirements analysis phase of design process is achieved through
1-
2-
A
1-[what is there/currently happening]
2-[what exactly is needed]
8
Q
The analysis phase of design process is achieved through:
1-
2-
A
1-[ordering results]
2- [understanding]
9
Q
The design phase of design process is achieved through:
1-
2-
A
1-[what to do]
2-[how to decide]
10
Q
To achieve usability, major concern is to decide
……………………………… not ………………………….
A
decide [what to fix]
not [finding problems and fixing them].
11
Q
A perfect system is badly designed [T/F]
A
True
12
Q
A perfect system is badly designed because…………………………….
A
too good system needs too much effort in design
13
Q
The persona used in interface design has to be a real life person [T/F]
A
False
14
Q
In design scenarios are used to:
1-
2-
3-
A
1-[communicate with others]
2-[validate other models]
3-[understand dynamics]
15
Q
Scenarios are not linear [T/F]
A
F
16
Q
Scenario linearity pros
1-
2-
3-
A
[life and time are linear]
[easy to understand (stories and narrative are natural)]
[concrete (errors less likely)]
17
Q
Scenario linearity cons:
1-
2-
A
[no choice, no branches, no special conditions]
[miss the unintended]
18
Q
Scenario linearity can be overcome by
1-
2-
A
[use several scenarios]
[use several methods]
19
Q
The four levels of navigation design: 1- 2- 3- 4-
A
[widget choice]
[screen design]
[application navigation design]
[environment]
20
Q
In case of web, these levels correspond to:
widget choice:………(1)………
screen design:……….(2)……….
navigation design: ……….(3)……….
environment: ……….(4)……….
A
1-elements and tags <a href="%E2%80%9C...%E2%80%9D"> 2-page design 3-site structure 4- the web, browser, external links </a>
21
Q
In case of physical device,, these levels correspond to:
widget choice:………(1)………
screen design:……….(2)……….
navigation design: ……….(3)……….
environment: ……….(4)……….
A
1-controls (buttons, knobs, dials…)
2-physical layout
3-modes of device
4- the real world
22
Q
The four golden rules of navigation are (what the user should know when navigating): 1- 2- 3- 4-
A
1-[knowing where you are]
2-[knowing what you can do]
3-[knowing where you are going]
4-[knowing where you’ve been]
23
Q
Miller’s 7 ± 2 should be used when determining the menu size [T/F]
A
[F] misuse, can be reach 60
24
Q
Function follows form in interaction design [T/F]
A
[F] form follows function
25
```
In screen design and layout, the available tools are:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
```
```
[grouping of items]
[order of items]
[decoration - fonts, boxes etc.]
[alignment of items]
[white spaces between items]
```
26
Affordance for physical objects means ..............................
[shape and size suggest actions]
27
Paper presentation principles are not used when designing information presentation in computer systems. [T/F]
[F]
28
Aesthetics and utility never conflict when presenting information to the user. [T/F]
[F]
29
In design beauty and utility may conflict but can work together [T/F]
[T]
30
In interaction, color can be used alone to convey information [T/F]
[F]
31
Color and 3D effects need to be used extensively when presenting complex info [T/F]
[F]
32
Localization & internationalization are ..........(1)......... while globalization is ...........(2)..................
1-[changing interfaces for particular cultures/languages]
| 2-[try to choose symbols etc. that work everywhere]
33
For localization & internationalization, use ................... instead of literal text
[resource database]
34
For iterative prototyping in design, we need:
1-.............
2-...............
to avoid the pitfalls of prototyping.
1-[a good start point]
| 2-[understand what is wrong]
35
Designing for usability occurs as a single isolated activity [T/F]
[F] all stages
36
In software design, verification is.........(1)............., while validation is ...........(2).........
1- [design the product right]
| 2-[design the right product]
37
............. is making sure that we are designing the right product.
[Validation]
38
When deploying software the formality gap occurs due to ....................
[validation relays on subjective means of proof]
39
The life cycle for interactive systems can be represented by waterfall models [T/F]
[F] a lot of feedbacks
40
Two problems with usability specification are:
1-
2-
1-[requires level of detail that may not be possible early in design]
2-[Satisfying a usability specification does not necessarily satisfy usability]
41
In traditional usability categories effectiveness
............(1)............ ,
efficiency ...............(2)............
and satisfaction...........(3)................
1-[can you achieve what you want to]
2-[can you do it without wasting effort]
3- [do you enjoy the process]
42
Measuring the learnability of a certain software:
Effectiveness measures: ..............(1)...............
Efficiency measures: ..............(2)...............
Satisfaction measures: ..............(3)...............
1-[Percentage of functions learned]
2-[Time to learn criterion]
3-[Rating scale for ease of learning]
43
The inherited problems of a incomplete requirements can be overcome by ....................
[Iterative design]
44
Three types of prototypes:
1-
2-
3-
1-[throw-away]
2. [incremental]
3. [evolutionary]
45
```
Management issues with iterative design through prototyping are:
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
1-[time]
2-[planning]
3-[non-functional features]
4-[contracts]
46
```
Three benefits of design rationale:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
6-
```
1-[communication throughout life cycle]
2-[reuse of design knowledge across products]
3-[enforces design discipline]
4-[presents arguments for design trade-offs]
5-[organizes potentially large design space]
6-[capturing contextual information]
47
Process oriented design rationale emphasize post-hoc structuring of considered design alternatives [T/F]
[F] Structure-oriented
48
When designing, standards are more general than guidelines. [T/F]
[F] guidelines more general than standards
49
Sort the following types of design rules:
a) Principles b) Standards c) Guidelines, according to:
Authority: ...............
Generality/ Application: ..................
Authority: [low to high] → [Principles - Guidelines - Standards]
Generality/ Application: [low to high] → [Standards - Guidelines - Principles]
50
Immediate honesty is easier to achieve when using the command line paradigm, than when using direct manipulation. [T/F]
[F]
51
GUI immediate honesty is easier to achieve than the command line Interface. [T/F]
[T]
52
GUI software is usually user preemptive. [T/F]
[T]
53
Modal dialog boxes are an example of user preemptive [T/F]
[F]
54
Task migratability is appropriate when using a spell checker. [T/F]
[T]
55
Adaptability is the modifiability of the user interface by the system [T/F]
[F]
56
Detailed guidelines (style guides) applicable during later life cycle activities [T/F]
[T]
57
A design pattern represent design knowledge at one level [T/F]
[F]
58
We evaluate both the design and the implementation [T/F]
[T]
59
We don't need to evaluate both the design and the implementation, only one of them suffices.[T/F]
[F]
60
Evaluation should be considered at late stages in the design life cycle. [T/F]
[F]
61
Evaluation should be performed at all stages in the design life cycle.[T/F]
[T]
62
Evaluation aren't used to identify specific problems [T/F]
[F]
63
To evaluate how well does the design lead the user to generate the correct goals we can use ..............
[cognitive walkthrough].
64
Two example of usability criteria proposed by Nielsen are:
1-
2-
3-
1-[system behavior is predictable]
2-[system behavior is consistent]
3-[feedback is provided]
65
Design rationale cannot provide useful information [T/F]
[F]
66
Evaluating through user participation using laboratory studies advantages are:
1-
2-
[specialist equipment available]
| [uninterrupted environment]
67
Evaluating through user participation using laboratory studies disadvantages are:
1-
2-
[lack of context]
| [difficult to observe several users cooperating]
68
If we want to retain context, then field evaluation studies are preferred over laboratory evaluation studies [T/F]
[T]
69
Evaluating implementation always requires full implementation [T/F]
[F] both prototypes, full implementation
70
```
The experimental factors to consider when designing an evaluation experiment are:
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
1-[Subjects] (who – representative, sufficient sample)
2-[Variables] (things to modify and measure, dependent, independent)
3-[Hypothesis] (what you’d like to show)
4-[Experimental design] (how you are going to do it)
71
In an experiment to evaluate an implementation, an example of a dependent variable is .........(1)......... and example of independent variable is..........(2)............and an example of a hypothesis is ...........(3)..........
1-[time taken , number of errors]
2- [interface style, number of menu items]
3-[error rate will increase as font size decreases].
72
In an experiment, our aim is usually to prove the null hypothesis [T/F]
[F]disprove it
73
In a “within groups” design, each subject performs the experiment under each condition [T/F]
[T]
74
In a “between groups” design, no transfer of knowledge occurs [T/F]
[T]
75
Before you start to do any statistics, you need to:
1-
2-
1-[look at data]
| 2. [save original data]
76
Non-parametric statistical tests assume normal distribution [T/F]
[F]parametric → normal distribution
77
Problems with data gathering are:
1-
2-
1-[synchronization]
| 2.[sheer volume]
78
Statistical tests usually address the question: how accurate is the estimate measured in the experiment
[T/F]
[F]
79
Single-user experiments are more difficult than experimental studies on groups [T/F]
[F]
80
Controlled experiments may waste time [T/F]
[T]
81
Allowing the user to think aloud has the disadvantages of:
1-
2-
3-
[subjective]
[selective]
[act of describing may alter task performance]
82
Questionnaires are more flexible than interviews in evaluation [T/F]
[F]
83
In eye tracking during an experiment, we measure:
1-
2-
3-
1-[fixations]: eye maintains stable position. Number and duration indicate level of difficulty with display
2-[saccades]: rapid eye movement from one point of interest to another
3-[scan paths]: moving straight to a target with a short fixation at the target is optimal
84
```
Cognitive models follow aspects of user:
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
1-[understanding]
2-[knowledge]
3-[intentions]
4-[processing]
85
Goals are internal, while ........... are external
[actions]
86
GOMS stands for: ............
```
GOMS stands for: (2015)
G: [Goals]
O: [Operators]
M: [Methods]
S: [Selection]
```
87
Production rules are on the form ...............
[if condition then action]
88
Problems with goal hierarchies model are:
1-
2-
3-
[a post hoc technique]
[expert versus novice]
[How cognitive are they]
89
A better measure of the complexity of the BNF model than the number of rules is ............
[Number of + and | operators]
90
```
TAG was introduced as an enhancement of the BNF to: (one reason only)
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
[Making consistency more explicit]
[Encoding user's world knowledge]
[Parameterized grammar rules]
[Nonterminals are modified to include additional semantic features]
91
TAG models overcome BNF models complications such as:
1-
2-
3-
[same syntax for different semantics]
[no reflection of user's perception]
[minimal consistency checking]
92
In Buxton's 3-state model, the mouse is a device that has all 3 states. [T/F]
[F]
93
In Buxton's 3-state model,
the mouse is a............(1).......,
a light pen is a .............(2) ..........and
touch screen is a ..........(3)..............
1-[state 1-2 device]
2-[state 0-1-2]
3- [state 0-1]
94
Physical and device models address user task execution [T/F]
[T]
95
```
Keystroke Level Model physical motor operators are:
1-
2-
3-
4-
5-
```
```
1-[K - keystroking]
2-[B - Mouse button press]
3-[P - pointing]
4-[H - homing]
5-[D - drawing]
```
96
Most cognitive models deal with user observation and perception [T/F]
[F]
97
KLM addresses only the execution part of the task [T/F]
[T]
98
System analysis focuses on system design, while task analysis focuses on .........
[the user].
99
```
Some heuristics, given initial HTA (textual or diagram) to check/ improve it:
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
[paired actions]
[restructure]
[balance]
[generalize]
100
In HTA, waiting is part of the plan if ............(1)...........,and part of the task if...........(2).................
1-[if end of delay is the event]
| 2- [if ‘busy’ wait].
101
Objects have taxonomy but actions do not [T/F]
[F]both have
102
In Entity relationship techniques of task analysis, we associate with each action: (2015)
.........(1)..........– who performs the actions
.........(2).......... – which is changed by the action
.........(3)..........– used to perform action
1-[agent]
2-[patient]
3-[instrument]
103
Conceptual manuals are developed from HTA description
| [T/F]
[F] procedural from HTA, conceptual from knowledge or entity–relations based
104
Procedural manuals are good for open-ended tasks[T/F]
[F] conceptual
105
Existing tasks sequences guide default choices[T/F]
[F]task frequency guides default choices, task sequences guide dialogue design
106
Shneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules are
```
1- Strive for consistency
2- Enable frequent users to use shortcuts
3- Offer informative feedback
4- Design dialogs to yield closure
5- Offer error prevention and simple error handling
6- Permit easy reversal of actions
7- Support internal locus of control
8- Reduce short-term memory load
```
107
Norman’s 7 Principles are
1- Use both knowledge in the world and knowledge in the head.
2- Simplify the structure of tasks.
3- Make things visible: bridge the gulfs of Execution and Evaluation.
4- Get the mappings right.
5- Exploit the power of constraints, both natural and artificial.
6- Design for error.
7- When all else fails, standardize.
108
Prototyping Techniques:
1-
2-
3-
1-Storyboards: can be animated, not computer based
2- Limited functionality simulations
3- Warning about iterative design
109
Goals of evaluation
1-
2-
3-
- Assess extend of system functionality
- Assess effect of interface on user
- Identify specific problems
110
Evaluating through user participation using Field studies advantages are:
1-
2-
3-
- natural environment
- context retained
- longitudinal studies possible
111
Evaluating through user participation using Field studies disadvantages are:
1-
2-
- distraction
| - noise
112
```
In Physiological during an experiment, we measure:
1-
2-
3-
4-
```
heart activity, blood pressure, volume, pulse
- sweat glands: GSR (Galvanic skin response)
- electrical activity in muscle
- electrical activity in brain: Electo-en-ce-phalo-gram (EEG)
