Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medical Biology- Spring > HCP 3 > Flashcards

HCP 3 Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the progenitor cells to platelets?

A

Giant Megakaryocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long do platelets last in circulation?

A

7-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List the different platelet binding proteins that platelets have and what they bind to

A
  • GpIc/IIa: laminin and fibronectin
  • GpIb: vWF
  • GpIa/IIa: collagen exposed on subendothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Contents of alpha granule?

A

Factor V, Fibronectin, vWF, Fibrinogen, PDGF, PF4, TGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contents of delta (dense) granule?

A

Serotonin, ADP, ATP, Ca2+, Epinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is vWF made and where is it found?

A

Made by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes

Found in Weibel-Palade bodies, circulation, and alpha granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do endothelial cells express to prevent platelet activation/aggregation?

A

PGI2 (prostacyclin), Nitric oxide, ADPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 2 events are referred to as “platelet activation”?

A
  • Shape change of platelet from discoid to spikey

- Degranulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alternate name for Factor XII?

A

Hageman Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alternate name for Factor IX?

A

Christmas Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alternate name for Factor X?

A

Stuart Factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factor is Tissue Factor?

A

Factor III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Factor is Prothrombin?

A

Factor II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What Factor is Fibrinogen?

A

Factor I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What Factor is Ca2+

A

Factor IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does the extrinsic pathway get quickly inactivated?

A

After production of a small amount of Xa, TFPI inhibits the TF-VIIa-Ca2+ complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a blood clot?

A

Mass composed platelets & fibrin, with erythrocytes leukocytes, and serum entrapped in fibrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

Intravascular blood clot (cannot be used interchangeably with “blood clot”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the anticoagulant factors?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)
Antithrombin III
Thrombomodulin
Protein C (With Protein S as a cofactor)

20
Q

What is the half-life of free Factor VIII and VIII-vWF?

Study These Flashcards
A

Free factor VIII: 2.4 hours

VIII-vWF: 12 hours

21
Q

Describe Hemophilia A

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mutation in Factor VIII gene
  • X linked Recessive Trait (affects males and homozygous females)
  • Prolonged PTT
  • Normal PT and bleeding time
22
Q

Describe Hemophilia B

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Mutation if Factor IX gene
  • X linked Recessive Trait (affects males and homozygous females)
  • Prolonged PTT
  • Normal PT and bleeding time
23
Q

Where is the Factor VIII gene located?

Where is the Factor IX gene located?

Study These Flashcards
A

VIII: Tip of long arm of X chromosome Xq28
IX: Tip of long arm of X chromosome Xq27.1

24
Q

What is bleeding time?

Study These Flashcards
A

Test done to asses platelet function; measure time from start of bleeding to platelet plug formation

25
What does the Partial Thromboplastin Time Assay test for?
Intrinsic Pathway function | XII, XI, IX, X, V, II, I
26
What does the Prothrombin Time assay test for?
Extrinsic Pathway function | VII, X, V, II, I
27
What are the 3 main abnormalities that are part of thrombus formation?
- Endothelial Injury - Stasis or Turbulent blood flow - Hypercoagulability
28
What are 4 things that can happen to a thrombus?
- Propagation - Embolization - Dissolution - Organization/Recanalization
29
Where is a DVT most likely to occur?
In the deep veins at or above the knee | -Femoral, popliteal, iliac veins
30
What is the most important activator of Factor X?
Tenase
31
Type I vWD?
- Autosomal dominant; 70% of all cases - Incomplete penetrance; variable expressivity - Decreased maturation of increased clearance from plasma
32
Type 2A vWD?
Decreased formation vWF multimers
33
Type 2B vWD?
defective vWF has enhanced binding to GpIb (spontaneous binding);-->increased clearance
34
Type 2M vWD?
Decreased binding capacity to GpIb
35
Type 2N (Normandy) vWD?
Decreased binding capacity to factor VIII; mutation in Factor VIII binding domain
36
What are the 5 sources of arterial supply for medial and lateral nasal cavity walls?
- Anterior ethmoidal artery - Posterior Ethmoidal artery - Sphenopalatine Artery - Greater palatine artery - Septal bran of superior labial artery
37
Where do the 5 arteries anastomose?
Keisselbach area (highly vascular)
38
What factor and proteins use Vitamin K as a cofactor?
Factors: II, VII, IX, X Proteins: C &S
39
What is the name of vitamin K1 and what are its sources?
Phylloquinone | Leafy green vegetables (cabbage, kale, spinach)
40
What is the name of vitamin K2 and what are its sources?
Menaquinone | Eggs, liver, fermented food, gut bacterial
41
Where does our major source of vitamin K come from?
K2; Gut bacteria
42
What form of vitamin K is used as a cofactor? | What enzyme is vitamin K a cofactor for?
- Dihydroquinone/Hydroquinone vitamin K | - gamma-glutamyl carboxylase
43
What enzyme reduces epoxide vitamin K to quinone vitamin K?
Vitamin K epoxide reductase (enzyme action is inhibited by warfarin)
44
Why heparin before warfarin?
- Heparin is taken first to decrease thrombin levels - Warfarin has to be administered second because it initially stimulates coagulation by fast inhibition of protein C & S
45
What is a saddle embolus?
Embolism in main pulmonary artery bifurcation (will cause instant death)
46
Why are extended bed rest and immobilization considered risk factors for DVT?
There is reduced milking action of the veins by the leg muscles, which causes stasis/pooling/decreased washout of factors and decreased venous return
47
What does thrombin do?
activates factors V, VIII, IX, XI, XIII Activates protein C binds to PAR-1 on platelet ➡️ increase platelet activation converts fibrinogen to fibrin

Medical Biology- Spring (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions