HE Set3

Question 1

Theories in health, education

Answer 1

PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory
Health belief model
Green’s preceed-proceed model

Question 2

focuses on three areas: individual characteristics and experiences, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, and behavioral outcomes.
→The theory notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions. The set of variables for behavior specific knowledge and affect have important motivational significance. The variables can be modified through nursing actions. Health promoting behavior is the desired behavioral outcome, which makes it the end point in the Health Promotion Model. These behaviors should result in improved health, enhanced functional ability and better quality of life at all stages of development. The final behavioral demand is also influenced by the immediate competing demand and preferences,
which can derail intended actions for promoting health.

Answer 2

PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION THEORY

Question 3

Define self efficacy as an individual’s belief that he or she willbe able to accomplish a specific task. He believed that an essential component to accomplishing something is our confidence that we can. Bandura referred to self-efficacy as the mind’s self-regulatory function; it tells us when to try and when to stop. If you do not believe something is possible, you are less likely to attempt
the task and more likely to give up early if you do.

Answer 3

Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory

Question 4

is a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors. This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals.

Answer 4

Health Belief Model

Question 5

is a participatory model for creating successful community health promotion and other public health interventions. It is
based on the premise that behavior change is by and large voluntary, and that health programs are more likely to be effective if they are planned and evaluated with the active participation of those people who will have to implement them, and those who are affected by them.

Answer 5

Green’s Precede-Proceed Model

Question 6

THE CHANGE PROCESS →“Nothing is permanent but change.”…

Answer 6

by Heraclitus (500 BC)

Question 7

guidelines may help affect change in learners

Answer 7

1 Perceive the need for a change
2 Initiate group interaction
3 Implement chains one step at a time
4 Evaluate the overall results of the change process and make further adjustments

Question 8

A. Teachers and students must be able to assess their own need for
change.
B.Progress requires modification, improvement or replacement of
obsolete knowledge through re-education and training.
C. Change is a necessary ingredient to modify or improve teaching and
learning to attain progress.
D. It can be done through identification and discussions with a specific
group of people and areas that need change

Answer 8

1. Perceive the need for change

Question 9

A. Identify external and internal forces for change. B. State the problem.
C. Identify constraints.
D. List change strategies or possible approaches to problem-solving.
E. Select the best change strategy.
F. Formulate the plan for implementation.
G. Develop or select tools for evaluating change.

Answer 9

Initiate group interaction

Question 10

3. Implement change one step at a time

Answer 10

A. Change must be done gradually one at a time in order to have an orderly and systematic process of change and to safeguard undesirable adverse effects of change.
B. Abrupt change can create further resistance or fear of change.

Question 11

A. Identify strengths and weaknesses so as to provide remedial
measures and allow the
B. Gradual process of change to occur with less problems.

Answer 11

4. Evaluate the overall results of the change process and make further adjustments

Question 12

A. A strategy which assumes that learners are rational being with mental faculties and behave according to their personal beliefs, interests and motivation.

Answer 12

Empirical-Rational Strategy

Question 13

A. This strategy assumes that learners always act consistently with their commitment to socio-cultural norms of behavior and are therefore willing to change for purposes of acceptance and recognition.
B. It is a self-made process and the extent of learning depends on the
learners’ prospective goals of behavior change

Answer 13

Normative or Re-educative Strategy

Question 14

“Learners are eager to change if it is explained to them how they can benefit from the change process.”

Answer 14

..by De Young

Question 15

A. A strategy which makes the learners comply with instructions given by the teacher as an authoritative figure in order to bring about change. B. It is more traditional in style as it often demotivates students
and could make teaching and learning processes offensive. (Bradshaw and Lowenstein: 2007).

Answer 15

. Power-Coercive Strategy

Question 16

Barriers to change

Answer 16

1 culture
2 demographics
3  social, economic conditions, and environmental circumstances
4 state of wellness and development

Question 17

A. Determines the beliefs and values important to the learner that may delineate her potential development for change.
B. Some cultures compete with change, others welcome change while some resist change.
C. The socio-cultural background and the learners’ personal characteristics influence the process of change.

Answer 17

Culture

Question 18

A. Pertains to the learner’s age, gender, heredity and environment which may determine innate
Qualities and potential’s, as well as tendencies and level of responses to learning stimuli

Answer 18

Demographics

Question 19

A. May involve the learners’ adaptability, flexibility and capabilities in creating change that may influence the quality and quantity of response to the change process.
B. The learners’ position in the community, social interactions
and economic status greatly affects much of the learners’ response to change.

Answer 19

Socioeconomic Conditions and Environmental Circumstances

Question 20

A. Relates to learners’ physical, emotional, intellectual and spiritual health.
B. This affects the instinctive qualities of the learners’ response to
a stimuli and capability of coping with stress related situations.

Answer 20

State of Wellness and Development

Question 21

● Some medical health remedies used by Filipinos:

Answer 21

Home remedies
 Traditional healing techniques
Supernatural healing, or the use of faith healers
Regulated, drugs, or medicines
Over the counter drugs

Question 22

A. The use of oils or ointments, often Chinese in origin, which serve as “cure-alls” for relaxing, heating, and comforting muscles or providing relief for dizziness, colds, headaches, and sore throats among others.
B. These include simple touch, light massage or effleurage, salt
gargle, increased water intake, and ventilated rooms, among others.

Answer 22

Home Remedies

Question 23

A. The use of herbal medicinal leaves such as “lagundi”, “banaba”, “pitupito” and other sources like the bark of trees and stem of plants in the treatment of various diseases and disorders in the absence of western medical intervention or medical equipment.

Answer 23

2. Traditional Healing Techniques

Question 24

is a holistic and uniform approach tohealing, which incorporates belief in the concurrent physical, emotional and spiritual state of the patient.

Answer 24

Supernatural Healing or the Use of Faith Healers

Question 25

Healing which is the foremost function of therapeutic touch, could be called a humanization of energy in the interest of helping or healing others or oneself.”…

Answer 25

.Dolores Krieger

Question 26

A. These are research-based drugs commonly referred to as regulated “prescription drugs”.
B. They require prescription from doctors due to expected adverse effects.
C. These are mostly produced and manufactured by pharmaceutical companies.

Answer 26

Regulated Drugs or Medicines

Question 27

A. These are non-prescription drugs or medicines mostly produced and manufactured by multinational pharmaceutical companies.
B. They can be bought by a patient from the counter without prescription from the physician.
C. Examples of these are analgesics or antipyretics, paracetamol, ibuprofen, antacids, and laxatives, among others.

Answer 27

Over-the-Counter Drugs

Question 28

A truly educated person nowadays, needs broad general education and the opportunity to study a small number of subjects indepth.”

Answer 28

.Jacques Delors, UNESCO

Question 29

A. Is an interactive process of imparting knowledge through sharing, explaining, clarifying and synthesizing the substantive content of the learning process in order to arrive at a positive judgment and well-developed wisdom and behavior. (Kozier:2004).

Answer 29

Education

Question 30

A. Is a sense of being physically fit, mentally stable and socially comfortable. It encompasses more than the state of being free of disease (Kozier:2004).

Answer 30

Health

Question 31

Patient Teaching

Answer 31

Patient Teaching

Question 32

→A systematic, sequential, logical, scientifically based, planned course of action consisting of teaching and learning (Bastable: 2007).
→It is a cycle that involves a teacher and a learner. →A teaching-learning process occurs before the lesson begins and continues after the last lesson ends.

Answer 32

Education Process

Question 33

EDUCATION PROCESSS
INCLUDES:

Answer 33

Apie

Question 34

A process which provides the nurse educator with information regarding the students’ knowledge and skills needed to efficiently and effectively transfer knowledge and skills to the learners.
B. Refers to the gathering of data about the learner’s or group of learners demographic profile, skills and abilities needed in identifying the most appropriate teaching strategy.

Answer 34

Assessment

Question 35

A. A carefully organized written presentation of what the learner needs to learn and how the nurse educator is going to initiate the teaching process.
B. Includes culturally-relevant skills for the learner, the goals of learning, type of teaching-learning setting such as: classroom, laboratory, clinical, or ward setting.
C. Indicates teaching timeline and specifics sets of learner activities

Answer 35

. Planning

Question 36

A. The point where the theoretical and practical aspects of the teaching-learning process meet as the teacher applies the plan.
B. Includes procedures or techniques and strategies that the teacher will use to best implement the plan.

Answer 36

Implementation and Application of the Teaching Plan

Question 37

The measurement of the teaching-learning performance of both the teacher and the learner.
B. Must be constructive and objective with the purpose of creating effective change in the behavior of both the teacher and the learner in terms of input, process and output

Answer 37

4. Evaluation

Question 38

→Provides the necessary tool to enable the nurse to render quality nursing care to patients.
→Helps determine the clients’ health needs. →Emphasizes the need to manage and maximize health by managing risk factors and encouraging healthy behaviors.
→A scientific and systematic, problem-solving approach used to identify, prevent and treat actual or potential health problems and promote wellness.

Answer 38

THE NURSING PROCESS

Question 39

. The nursing process is

→Each step may be reviewed and revised according to changing client responses to nursing interventions, which may require revisions in
the plan of care

Answer 39

dynamic and cyclic

Question 40

→The plan of care and nursing intervention is organized carefully to meet
the client’s goals of care

Answer 40

The nursing process is planned and goal-directed.

Question 41

→Nurses use knowledge in problem-solving, decision-making and critical
thinking to assess their client’s problems, plan their care, implement plans, and evaluate the effectiveness of the care given.

Answer 41

3. The nursing process is an intellectual process.

Question 42

A. The nursing process has an ordered sequence of precise and accurate activities.
B. Preceding activities influence activities following them

Answer 42

Systematic

Question 43

A. The nursing process provides active interaction and integration among activities.
B. Current activity is necessary to influence future activities.

Answer 43

2. Dynamic

Question 44

A. The nursing process ensures that nurses are client-centered rather than task-centered.
B. The nursing process encourages nurses to work and help clients use their strength to meet their own needs.

Answer 44

3. Interpersonal

Question 45

A. The nursing process is a means for nurses and clients to work together in order to identify specific goals related to wellness promotion, disease and illness prevention, health restoration and coping with altered functioning.

Answer 45

4. Goal-directed

Question 46

A. The nursing process allows nurses to practice nursing with well or sick people, young, or old, regardless of race, creed or religion and in any practice setting.

Answer 46

A. The nursing process is a means for nurses and clients to work together in order to identify specific goals related to wellness promotion, disease and illness prevention, health restoration and coping with altered functioning.