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Head Flashcards

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1
Q

List the 5 layers of the SCALP

A

S - skin
C - dense Connective tissue
A - epicranial aponeurosis
L - loose areolar connective tissue
P

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2
Q

Which bones form the pterion?

A

Temoral, front, parietal, sphenoid

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3
Q

Which arteries supply the scalp?

A

Superficial temoral
Posterior auricular
Occipital

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4
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into the oral cavity?

A

Opposite the upper second molar tooth

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5
Q

What is the chorda tympani?

A

A branch of the facial nerve which transmits sensory fibres for taste from the tongue

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6
Q

What are the limbs of the gag reflex?

A

Afferent - glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
Efferent - vagus nerve (CN X)

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7
Q

Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

What is the Stensen duct?

A

Parotid duct

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9
Q

Which artery arises from the external carotid artery within the parotid gland?

A

Posterior auricular artery

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10
Q

What are the two terminal branches of external carotid?

A

Maxillary artery
Superficial temoral artery

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11
Q

Which vein is formed within the parotid gland?

A

Retromandibular vein

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12
Q

Which two structures pass along the medial aspect of the sublingual gland?

A

Lingual nerve
Submandibular duct

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13
Q

What is a ranula?

A

Mucocele of sublingual glands

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14
Q

Which arteries supply the sublingual gland?

A

Submental
Sublingual

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15
Q

Which nerves are closely related to the submandibular gland?

A

Lingual nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
Facial nerve

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16
Q

Which structure increases the surface area of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal conchae

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17
Q

Where in the nasal cavity does the nasolacrimal duct open?

A

Inferior meatus

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18
Q

What nerves are found in the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory

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19
Q

Which structures pass through the sphenopalatine foramen?

A

Sphenopalatine artery
Nasopalatine nerve
Superior nasal nerve

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20
Q

Which structures pass through the incisive canal?

A

Nasopalatine nerve
Greater palatine artery

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21
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s area?

A

Anterior third of the nasal cavity - where epistaxis is most likely to occur

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22
Q

Which structure marks the opening of the frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses in the nasal cavity and where is it?

A

Semilunar hiatus
Located on the lateral wall of the middle meatus

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23
Q

Which bone is the cribiform plate part of?

A

Ethmoid

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24
Q

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Maxillary
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid

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25
Why can sinusitis present with toothache?
Maxillary nerve supplies the maxillary sinus and maxillary teeth
26
Which structures pass through the greater palatine foramen?
Greater palatine nerve and vessels
27
Which structures pass through the lesser palatine foramina?
Lesser palatine nerve
28
Which nerve supplies the majority of muscles of the soft palate?
Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve
29
How many teeth do adults have?
16
30
Where does the temporalis muscle attach to the mandible?
Coronoid process
31
Which muscle attaches to the neck of the mandibular ramus?
Lateral pteygoid
32
Which muscle inserts into the angle of the mandible?
Medial pterygoid
33
Which nerve supplies motor innervation to the tongue?
Hypoglossal
34
Which nerve supplies sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
Glossopharyngeal
35
Which nerves supply sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
Touch - lingual nerve - branch of mandibular nerve (CN V3) Taste - chorda tympani - branch of facial nerve (CN VIII)
36
What is the blood supply to the tongue?
Lingual artery - ECA Lingual vein - IJV
37
Name the structure which marks the junction between the anterior and posterior tongue based on embryological origin
Foramen cecum
38
Which embryological structure do the muscles of mastication originate from?
First pharyngeal arch
39
Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (CN V3)
40
Which structures pass through the optic canal?
Optic nerve Ophthalmic artery
41
Which structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
Lacrimal nerve Frontal nerve Trochlear nerve (CN IV) Oculomotor nerve (CN III) Nasociliary nerve Abducens nerve (CN VI) Superior ophthalmic vein
42
Which structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?
Zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve Inferior ophthalmic vein Sympathetic nerves
43
Which structure in the eyeball do the extraocular muscles attach?
Sclera
44
What is the function of the cornea?
Retraction of light entering the eye
45
What is the function of the choroid in the eye?
Provides nourishment to the outer layers of the retina
46
What is the function of the ciliary body?
Controls the shape of the lens Contributes to the formation of aqueous humour
47
Where is the macula found?
Centre of the retina
48
Name the depression in the macula that contains a high concentration of light detecting cell
Fovea centralis
49
Where does aqueous humour drain?
Schlemms canal
50
Where does the nasolacrimal duct empty into?
Inferior meatus of the nasal cavity
51
Name the glands that around the eyelash
Meibomian glands
52
What the the innervation of levator palpebrae superioris?
Superior branch of oculomotor nerve (CN III)
53
What is the innervation of the eyelid?
Upper - V1 Lower - V2
54
Which nerve supplies superior, medial and inferior rectus?
Oculomotor CN III
55
Which nerve supplies lateral rectus?
Abducens CN VI
56
Which nerve supplies superior oblique?
Trochlear CN IV
57
Which nerve supplies inferior oblique?
Oculomotor CN III
58
What is the triad of symptoms in Horner's syndrome?
Partial ptosis Miosis (constriction)
59
Which eyelid muscle is innervated by SNS?
Superior tarsal muscle
60
Which structures pass through the superior oribital fissure of the sphenoid bone?
CN III, IV, V1, VI Ophthalmic veins Sympathetic fibres
61
Which structure passes through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2 - Maxillary nerve
62
Which nerve passes through the foreamen ovale of the sphenoid bone?
CN V3 - Mandibular nerve
63
Which structures pass through the foremen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery and vein Meningeal branch of CN V3
64
Which structures pass through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery Deep petrosal nerve
65
Name a forament in the middle cranial fossa that is filled with cartilage
Foramen lacerum
66
Which structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus of the temporal bone?
Facial nerve Vestibulocochlear nerve Labyrinthine artery
67
Which structures pass through the foramen magnum of the occipital bone?
Medulla Meninges Vertebral arteries Spinal accessory nerve (ascending) Dural veins Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
68
Which structures pass through the jugular foramina?
CN IX CN X CN XI
69
What causes cauliflower ear deformity?
Auricular haematoma leads to AVN of the external ear cartilage
70
What is the main function of the inner ear?
Transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
71
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Stapes
72
Name the two muscles involved in the acoustic reflex which acts to dampen signals from loud noise
Stapedius Tensor tympani
73
Which structures pass through the optic canal?
Optic nerve Ophthalmic artery
74
Name the sweat glands in the eyelid
Ciliary glands of Moll
75
Name the sebaceous glands in the eyelid
Glands of Zeis
76
Where are the Meibomian glands found?
Tarsal plates of the eyelid
77
What is the function of the Meibomian glands?
Secrete an oily substance onto the eye to slow the evaporation of the eye's tear film
78
What is a chalazion?
Painless granuloma of the Meibomian glands
79
Which nerves supply the superior tarsal muscle?
Sympathetic nerves from superior cervical ganglion
80
Which structure do the extraocular nerve attach to?
Sclera
81
Which structure produces aqueous humor?
Ciliary body
82
Describe a third nerve palsy
Eyeball down and out Partial ptosis
83
Describe a fourth nerve palsy
Diplopia when looking down Head tilt away from site of lesion
84
Describe a sixth nerve palsy
Adduction
85
Which structure in the anterior cranial fossa does the tentorium cerebelli attach?
Lesser wings of sphenoid (anterior clinoid processes)
86

Anatomy (10 decks)

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