Head Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the boundaries of the parotid region
- Superior - zygomatic arch
- Posterior- external ear and sternocleidomastoid muscles
- Medial- ramus of mandible
- Anterior - anterior border of masseter muscle
- Inferior - angle and inferior border of mandible
What are the contents of the parotid region
- Parotid gland
- Facial nerve (parotid plexus)
- Retromandibular vein
- External carotid artery
- Masseter muscle.
Where does the parotid gland lies
It is located in the retromandibular fossa
What are the boundaries of the parotid bed
- Anteriorly: by the posterior border of the ramus of mandible.
- Posteriorly: by the mastoid process.
- Superiorly: by the external acoustic meatus and posterior
part of temporomandibular joint. - Medially: by styloid process
What are the muscles forming the parotid bed
- Ramus of the mandible is covered by two muscles:
masseter laterally and the medial pterygoid medially. - Mastoid process is covered by two muscles:
sternocleidomastoid laterally and posterior belly of
digastric muscle medially. - Styloid process is enveloped by three slender muscles:
styloglossus, stylopharyngeus, and stylohyoid.
What is the extent of the parotid gland
1.It extends superiorly from the external acoustic meatus down to the carotid triangle below
2. It extends medial to the styloid process and wraps around the neck of the mandible.
3. Posteriorly, it overlaps the sternocleidomastoid muscle
4. Anteriorly, it extends over the masseter
Where does the accessory parotid gland lies
It lies between the zygomatic arch above and the parotid gland below
What can u say about the parotid sheath
The parotid sheath, is an unmyelinated fascial capsule covering the parotid gland.
Where is the parotid sheath derived from
The parotid sheath is derived from the investing layer deep cervical fascia
Talk a little about the investing layer of deep cervical fascia
This fascia splits in the region between the angle of the
mandible and mastoid process to enclose the gland. The
superficial lamina is thick, strong, unyielding, and adherent
to the gland while deep lamina is thin. The superficial lamina
blends with the epimysium of masseter to form a thick
parotidomasseteric fascia, which is attached above to the
zygomatic arch. The thin deep lamina is attached to the
tympanic plate and styloid process of the temporal bone; it
thickens to form stylomandibular ligament, which separates
the parotid gland from the submandibular gland
What are the external features of the parotid gland
The parotid gland resembles a three sided pyramid.
The features are:
1. An apex
2. A base
3. Superficial surface
4. Anteromedial surface
5. Posteromedial surface
6. Anterior border
7. Posterior border
8. Medial border
What are the relations of the apex of the parotid gland
- Muscle: posterior belly of digastric
- Triangle: carotid triangle
- Veins: posterior and anterior retromandibular vein
- Cervical branch of facial nerve
What are the relations of the base of the parotid gland
It is concave and related to the
1.external acoustic meatus and
2. posterior aspect of temporomandibular joint.
The following structures emerge through it
1. Superficial temporal vessels.
2. Auriculotemporal nerve.
What are the relations of the superficial surface
- Skin.
- Superficial fascia containing anterior branches of greater
auricular nerve, superficial parotid (preauricular) lymph
nodes, and platysma. - Parotid fascia.
- Deep parotid lymph nodes embedded in the gland.
What are the relations of the anteromedial surface
- Masseter.
- Medial pterygoid.
- Posterior border of the ramus of the mandible.
- Lateral aspect of the temporomandibular joint.
The branches of facial nerve emerge on face from
underneath the anterior margin of this surface
What are the relations of posteromedial surface
- Mastoid process, sternocleidomastoid, and posterior
belly of digastric. - Styloid process and styloid group of muscles.
What structures enter into the parotid gland through the posterior surface
- Facial nerve trunk in its upper part.
- External carotid artery in its lower part.
What is the role of the styloid process and it’s muscles in the posterior surface of the parotid gland
The styloid process and its muscles separate the gland
from internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and last
four cranial nerves.
What is the fxn of the anterior border
It separates the superficial surface from the anteromedial
surface.
What are the relations of the anterior border
Above the parotid duct
1. Temporal branch of the facial nerve.
2. Zygomatic branch of the facial nerve.
3. Transverse facial vessels.
4. Upper buccal branch of the facial nerve.
- Parotid duct
Below the parotid duct
6. Lower buccal branch of the facial nerve.
7. Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve
What is the role of the posterior surface
It separates the superficial surface from the posteromedial
surface.
What are the relations of the posterior border
- Posterior auricular vessels.
- Posterior auricular branch of the facial nerve
What is the role of the medial border of parotid gland and its relation
It separates the anteromedial surface from the posteromedial
surface.
It is related to the lateral wall of the pharynx
The parotid gland is composed almost entirely of….
Serious alveoli
