Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clin Anat I - Exam #1 > Head > Flashcards

Head Flashcards

(241 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the two parts of the external cranium?

A
  • neurocranium
  • fascial skeleton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two parts of the neurocranium?

A
  • calvaria
  • cranial base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Identify

A
  1. frontal
  2. nasal
  3. maxilla
  4. zygomatic
  5. mandible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Identify

A
  1. supra-orbital foramen
  2. nasion
  3. glabella
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Identify

A
  1. infra-orbital foramen
  2. mental foramen
  3. mental protruberance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Identify

A
  1. frontal
  2. maxilla
  3. zygomatic
  4. sphenoid
  5. lacrimal
  6. ethmoid
  7. palatine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Identify the openings

A
  1. superior orbital fissure
  2. optic canal
  3. inferior orbital fissure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What passes through the openings?

A
  1. CN 3, 4, 6, and V1
  2. CN 2 (optic n.)
  3. CN V2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Identify

A
  1. maxilla
  2. ethmoid
  3. inferior nasal concha
  4. vomer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Identify

A
  1. frontal
  2. nasal
  3. maxilla
  4. palatine
  5. occipital
  6. sphenoid
  7. ethmoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify

A
  1. frontal
  2. nasal
  3. maxilla
  4. lacrimal
  5. inferior nasal concha
  6. palatine
  7. sphenoid
  8. occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify

A
  1. head of condylar process
  2. neck of condylar process
  3. coronoid process of mandible
  4. mental protuberance
  5. mental foramen
  6. body of mandible
  7. angle of mandible
  8. ramus of mandible
  9. condylar process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify

A
  1. frontal
  2. parietal
  3. occipital
  4. sphenoid
  5. temporal
  6. styloid process
  7. zygomatic
  8. lacrimal
  9. maxilla
  10. nasal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identify

A
  1. coronal suture
  2. pterion
  3. temporal fossa
  4. zygomatic arch
  5. mastoid process
  6. external acousic meatus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify

A
  1. coronal suture
  2. sagittal suture
  3. lambdoid suture
  4. lambda
  5. bregma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify

A
  1. occipital
  2. temporal
  3. sphenoid
  4. maxilla
  5. palatine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What bones make up the hard palate?

A
  • maxilla
  • palatine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What allows the head to nod?

A
  • occpital condyle on C1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Identify 1

A

1A. occipital condyle

1B. foramen magnum

1C. external occipital protuberance (EOP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Identify 2 & 3

A

2A. mastoid process

2B. styloid process

2C. stylomastoid foramen

2D. jugular fossa (foramen)

2E. carotid canal

3A. foramen ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the landmark to find the foramen ovale?

A
  • tiny round hole just posteriolateral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What bones create the coronal suture?

A
  • frontal
  • R/L parietal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What bones create the sagittal suture?

A
  • R & L patietal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What bones create the lambdoid suture?

A
  • occipital
  • R/L parietal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What bones create the squamous suture?
* temporal * parietal * sphenoid
26
Identify
1. coronal 2. lambdoid 3. squamous 4. sagittal
27
What is at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures?
bregma
28
What is at the junction of lambdoid and sagittal suture?
lambda
29
What is the junction of the fontal, sphenoid, temporal, and parietal bone?
pterion
30
What are the three regions of the internal cranium?
1. anterior fossa 2. middle fossa 3. posterior fossa
31
Identify
1. cribiform plate 2. lesser wing of sphenoid 3. openings for CN1 (olfactory)
32
Identify
1. greater wing of the sphenoid 2. sella turcica 3. optic canal 4. superior orbital fissure 5. forament rotundum 6. foramen ovale \* landmark to find foramen ovale
33
What sits in the sella turcica?
pituitary gland
34
What goes through the optic canal?
CN 2 (optic)
35
What goes through the superior orbital fissure?
V1
36
What goes through foramen rotundum?
V2
37
What goes through foramen ovale?
V3
38
Identify
1. internal acoustic meatus 2. jugular foramen 3. hypoglossa canal 4. foramen magnum
39
What exits the internal acoustic meatus?
CN 7 & 8
40
What exits the hypoglossal canal?
CN 12
41
What passes through the openings?
1. CN 1 2. CN 2
42
What passes though the openings?
1. CN 3, 4, 6 and V1 2. V2 3. V3
43
What passes though the openings?
1. CN 9, 10 & 11 2. CN 12 3. spinal cord and vertebral a. 4. CN 7 & 8
44
What passes though the openings?
1. V2 2. internal carotid a. 3. CN 7 4. CN 9, 10, 11 5. spinal cord and vertebral a.
45
What passes through the openings?
1. V1 2. CN 2 3. CN 3, 4, 6, and V1 4. V2 5. V2 6. V3
46
Identify
1. nasion 2. glabella 3. zygomatic arch 4. supraorbital foramen 5. infraorbital foramen 6. mental protuberance 7. mental foramen
47
What innervates the facial muscles?
CN 7 (facial)
48
What is th action of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi?
gently closes the eyelid
49
What is the action of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi?
tightly closes the eyelid
50
What is the action of the nasalis muscle?
flares the nostrils
51
Identify
1. occipitofrontalis 2. A - palpebral portion; B - orbital portion 3. nasalis 4. orbicularis oris 5. buccinator 6. mentalis
52
Identify
buccinator
53
Identify
mentalis
54
What is the action of mentalis?
pouting
55
What does CN 7 innervate?
* facial muslces * platysma
56
What is the path of CN 7?
* emerges from stylomastoid foramen * divides into 5 branches * passes through parotid gland
57
What is Bell's Palsy?
* transient paralysis of facial M. 2ndary to CN 7 impairment/compression
58
What does CN 5 innervate?
sensory of the face
59
Identify
1. V1 2. V2 3. trigeminal ganglion 4. V3
60
What innervates each area?
A. V1 B. V2 C. V3
61
What is trigeminal neuralgia?
* servere facial pain 2ndary CN 5 (V2) impairment
62
How is CN 5 impaired in trigeminal neuralgia?
* compression from vessel
63
What are the two layers the dura mater?
* external periosteal * internal meningeal
64
Identify
1. falx cerebri 3. falx cerebelli
65
Identify
tentorium cerebellum
66
What is formed between the periosteal and meningeal layers of the dura?
* dural venous sinuses
67
What empties into the dural sinues?
* large v. of brain * CSF
68
Where do the dural sinues drain?
internal jugular v.
69
Identify
1. superior sagittal sinus 2. inferior sagittal sinus 3. straight sinus
70
Identify
3. straight sinus 4. transverse sinus 5. sigmoid sinus
71
Identify 1-6. 7. What are the lines in the subarachnoid space?
1. falx cerebri 2. pia mater 3. subarachnoid space 4. arachnoid mater 5. dura mater 6. arachnoid granulation 7. arachnoid trabeculae
72
What are the 3 main regions of the brain?
1. cerebrum (lobes) 2. cerebellum 3. brainstem
73
Identify
A. frontal B. parietal C. occipital D. temporal
74
Identify
2. cerebellum 3A. brainstem - midbrain 3B. brainstem - pons 3C. brainstem - medulla
75
What is the function of the ventricular system?
* produces and circulates CSF
76
Identify
1. lateral ventricle 2. interventricular foramen 3. third venticle 4. cerebral aquaduct 5. fourth ventricle
77
Where is CSF produced in the ventricular system?
* choroid plexus in the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles
78
What is the pathway of CSF secretion and absorption?
* production in choroid plexus * flows through ventricular system * exits median aperture * circulates in subarachnoid space * arachnoid granulations with oneway valves to dural sinus
79
How does the CSF exit the subarachnoid space and enter dural sinuses?
* oneway valves controled by pressure gradient
80
Identify
* Circle of Willis
81
Identify
1. anterior cerebral a. (ACA) 2. anterior communicating a. 3. middle cerebral a (MCA) 4. posterior communicating a. 5. posterior cerebral a. (PCA) 6. basalar a. 7. ICA
82
Identify
1. anterior communicating a. 2. anterior cerebral a. (ACA) 3. middle cerebral a. (MCA) 4. posterior communicating a. 5. basilar a. 6. posterior cerebral a. (PCA) 7. ICA
83
What bones make up the rim of the orbit?
* frontal * temporal * maxillary
84
What bones make up the bowl of the orbit?
* sphenoid * lacrimal * ethmoid * palatine
85
Identify
medial and lateral canthus (angles)
86
What is the space between the eyelids?
palpebral fissure
87
Identify
1. palpebral conjunctiva 2. bulbar conjunctiva 3. inferior conjunctival sac
88
Identify
conjunctivitis
89
Identify
subconjunctival hemorrhage
90
Identify
meibomian gland (aka tarsal gland)
91
What is the function of the meibomian gland?
sebaceous gland that secretes lipid fluid to lubricate and optimize the "mechanics" of tear fluid and eyelids
92
levator palpebral superioris action
elevate and retract eyelid
93
levator palpebral superioris innervation
CN 3
94
superior tarsal m. action
smooth m. that assists with raising eyelid
95
superior tarsal m. innervation
sympathetic system
96
ptosis
damage to either muscle or nerve leading to eyelid drooping
97
Identify
1. levator palpebral superioris m. 2. superior tarsal m.
98
Identify
1. lacrimal gland 2. lacrimal lake 3. lacrimal punctum 4. lacrimal canaliculi 5. lacrimal sac 6. nasolacrimal duct
99
What direction do tears flow?
superiorlateral to medial
100
Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
inferior nasal meatus
101
Identify
1. fibrous (outer) layer 2. vascular (middle) layer 3. inner layer
102
What are the layers of the eyeball?
* fibrous (outer) layer * vascular (middle) layer * inner layer
103
What is the "white of the eye"?
sclera
104
What is the function of the sclera?
attachment of extraoccular m.
105
What is the transparent (clear) portion of the eye?
cornea
106
What are the contents of the fibrous layer of the eyeball?
* sclera * cornea
107
What are the contents of the vascular layer of the eyeball?
* choroid * ciliary body * iris
108
What is the choroid portion of the vascular layer of the eye?
dense vascular bed
109
What gives the eye the "red eye" look in pictures?
choroid
110
What is the function of the ciliary body?
attachment for lens
111
Identify
1. choroid 2. ciliary body
112
What does the ciliary body produce?
aqueous humor
113
What is the function of the iris?
controls the amount of light entering the eye
114
What is the iris?
contractile ring that lays on the anterior surface of the lens
115
Identify
1. iris
116
What is the content of the inner layer of the eyeball?
* retina
117
What are the two portions of the retina?
* optic * non-visual
118
What makes up the optic portion of the retina?
* optic disc * optic cup * macular of retina * fovea centralis
119
Identify
1. A - optic portion of retina; B - nonvisual portion of retina 2. macula of retina & fovea centralis 3. optic disc and cup
120
Identify
1. optic disc 2. optic cup
121
How do you determine the R eye vs. L eye?
optic disc is medial to fovea centralis
122
When doing an eye exam, what do you look for?
* integrity of the blood vessels - AV knicking
123
What is the pathway that light travesl to the retina?
1. cornea 2. aqueous humor 3. lense 4. vitrious humor
124
What is cataracts?
opacities that accumulate in the lens
125
Identify
1. cornea 2. aqueous humor 3. lens 4. vitrous humor 5. cataracts
126
How is aquous humor secreted and drained?
* produced in ciliary process of ciliary body * secreted into posterior chamber * flows into anterior chamber * drains int scleral venous sinus
127
Identify
2. posterior chamber 3. anterior chamber 4. scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
128
What is glaucoma?
* drainage canal blocked leading to a build-up of fluid * increased pressure damages blood vessels and optic n.
129
Which of the extraoccular muscles are innervated by CN 3?
* medial rectus * superior rectus * inferior rectus * inferior oblique
130
Which of the extraoccular muscles is innervated by CN 4?
* superior oblique
131
Which of the extraoccular muscles is innervated by CN 5?
* lateral rectus
132
Identify
1. medial rectus 2. superior rectus 3. inferior rectus 4. inferior oblique 5. superior oblique 6. lateral rectus 7. levator palpebral superior
133
What is the action of medial rectus?
* adduction * convergence
134
What is the action of superior rectus?
* elevation
135
What is the action of the inferior rectus?
* depression
136
What is the action of the inferior oblique?
* looks up and in
137
What is the action of superior oblique?
* looks down and in
138
What is the action of lateral rectus?
* abducts
139
Identify
1. superior oblique 2. medial rectus 3. levator palebrae 4. superior rectus 5. lateral rectus
140
Identify
1. superior oblique 2. levator palpebra superior 3. superior rectus 4. lateral rectus 5. inferior oblique 6. inferior rectus 7. medial rectus
141
How do you distinguish between R and L eyes based on muscles?
superior obliqe is medial
142
What is a physical test for the eye muscle actions and innervations?
H test
143
Identify
1. ophthalmic a. 2. central retinal a.
144
Identify
mandibular foramen
145
What is the track of V3 through the mandible?
* enters the mandibular foramen * body of the mandible * exits the mental foramen
146
Identify
1. head of condylar process of mandible 2. articular disc 3. mandibular fossa of temporal bone 4. articular tubercle of temporal bone
147
Identify
* TMJ joint capsule
148
What are the TMJs two movements?
* rotation * translation
149
What movement occurs first when opening the jaw?
rotation
150
Identify
1. temporalis 2. masseter
151
Which muscles open the jaw?
* temporalis * masseter * medial pterygoid
152
Which muscle closes the jaw?
* lateral pterygoid
153
What innervates the muscles of mastication?
CN 5
154
Identify
3. medial pterygoid 4. lateral pterygoid
155
What does lateral pterygoid attach to?
TMJ articular disc
156
What is a distinguishing feature of lateral pterygoid?
two bellies
157
Identify
3. medial pterygoid 4. lateral pterygoid
158
Identify
3A. platopharyngeus 3B. platoglossus 3C. musculus uvulae
159
Identify
A. platopharyngeus B. platoglossus C. musculus uvulae 4. tonsils
160
What innervates the soft palate? Sensory
CN 5 (V2)
161
What innervates the soft palate? Motor
CN 10
162
What innervates the pharynx? Sensory
CN 9
163
What innervates the pharynx? Motor
CN 10
164
What is the clinical test for the integrity of CN 9 & 10?
* Say "Ahhh" * Gag reflex
165
How should the uvula look and move?
* symmetrical * elevate along the midline
166
How does the uvula look when there is a pathology?
deviates to the "strong"/uninjured side
167
What are the regions of the tongue?
* root * body * apex * inferior surface
168
Identify
1. root of tongue 2. body of tongue 3. apex of tongue 4. inferior surface of tongue 5. hyoid bone
169
Identify
1. root 2. body 3. apex
170
Identify
4A. frenulum 4B. Wharton's ducts
171
What is the tongue?
mass of muscles that is mostly covered by mucosa
172
What are the extrinsic tongue muscles?
* genioglossus * hyoglossus * styloglossus * platoglossus
173
Identify
1. genioglossus 2. hyoglossus 3. styloglossus 4. platoglossus
174
Identify
platoglossus
175
All the muscles of the tongue are innervated by ______ except _______ m. which is innervated by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
* CN 12 - hypoglossal * platoglossus * CN 10
176
What is the clinical test for the integrity of tongue movement?
* "Stick out your tonuge"
177
What is normal tongue movement vs. pathological?
* normal - apex remains midline and symetrical * pathological - deviates towards "weak" side
178
What are the three salivary glands?
* submandibular * sublingual * parotid
179
Where is the submandibular gland located?
* submandibular triangle
180
What is the opening for the submandibular gland?
* Wharton's duct
181
Identify
submandibular gland
182
Where is the sublingual gland located?
* floor of the mouth
183
Where does the sublingual gland drain to?
multiple openings in the floor of the mouth
184
Identify
* sublingual gland
185
Identify
1. submandibular gland 1B. Wharton's duct 2. sublingual gland
186
Where is the parotid gland located?
* anterior & inferior to external acustic meatus * between ramus and mastoid process
187
What travels throught the parotid gland?
CN 7 - facial n.
188
Identify
1. parotid gland 2. Stensen's (parotid) duct
189
What is the path of Stensen's duct?
* penetrates buccinator * superficial to masseter * opens into oral vestibule near upper 2nd molar
190
Identify
* Stensen's duct
191
Identify
* Stensen's duct
192
Identify
1. parotid gland 2. maseter 3. facial a.
193
Identify
1A. cribiform plate on the ethmoid bone 2A. perpendicular plate on the ethmoid bone 2B. vomer 2C. septal cartilage 3A. palatine process of maxillary bone 3B. horizontal plate of palatine bone
194
What are the regions of the nose?
* roof * septum * floor
195
What makes up the roof of the nose?
cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
196
What makes up the septum of the nose?
* perpendicular plate of the ethmoid * vomer * septal cartilage
197
What makes up the floor of the nose?
* palatine process of the maxillary * horizontal plate of the palatine
198
Identify
1. inferior nasal meatus 2. inferior nasal conchae 3. middle nasal meatus 4. middle nasal conchae 5. superior nasal meatus 6. superior nasal conchae
199
Where is the opening to the nasal lacrimal duct?
inferior to inferior nasal concha
200
Identify
1. middle nasal concha 2. middle nasal meatus 3. inferior nasal concha 4. inferior nasal meatus
201
What are the regions of the nose?
* vestibule area * respiratory area * olfactory area
202
What is the vestibule area of the nose?
opening
203
What is the function of the respiratory area?
warms/humidifies air
204
What is the function of the olfactory area?
contains CN 1 endings to detect smell
205
Identify
1. vestibular 2. respiratory 3. olfactory
206
What are the paranasal sinuses?
* frontal * ethmodial * sphenoidal * maxillary
207
Where does the frontal sinus open to?
* frontal bone * middle nasal meatus
208
Where does the ethmoidal sinus open to?
* ethmoid cells * superior and middle nasal meatus
209
Where does the sphenoidal sinus open to?
* body of sphenoid * superior/posterior nasal cavity
210
Where does the maxillary sinus open to?
* middle nasal meatus
211
What is maxillary sinusitis?
* maxillary sinus infection
212
Which of the sinuses is most commonly infected?
* maxillary sinus
213
Which of the sinuses is the largest?
* maxillary
214
Identify
1. frontal 2. ethmoidal 3. maxillary 4. sphenoid
215
Identify
1. frontal 2. ethmoidal 3. sphenoid
216
Identify
1. frontal 2. ethmoidal 3. maxillary
217
What are the structures of the external ear?
* auricle (aka pinna) * external acoustic meatus * tympanic membrane
218
Identify
1. pinna 2. lobule 3. tragus
219
Identify
1. external acoustic meatus 2. tympanic membrane
220
What directon does the tympanic membrane face?
oblique
221
What is the umbo?
* deepest concavity on the TM
222
Identify
umbo
223
What are the structures in the middle ear?
* tympanic cavity * auditory ossicles * muscles
224
What connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx?
phatyngotympanic tube | (eustachian or auditory tube)
225
What are the bones of the ear?
* malleus * incus * stapes
226
Identify
1. pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian) 2. tympanic cavity 3. malleus 4. incus 5. stapes
227
Identify
1. tensor tympani m. 2. malleus 3. incus 4. stapedius m. 5. stapes
228
Where is the inner ear located?
temporal bone
229
What are the structures of the inner ear?
* bony labyrinth * cochlea * vestibule of bony labyrinth * semicircular canals
230
What part of the inner ear has auditory function?
cochlea
231
What part of the inner ear has vestibular function?
* vestibule of bony labrynth * semicircular canals
232
Identify
1. pharyngotympanic tube 2. cochlea 3. vestibule of bony labyrinth 4. semicircular canals
233
Identify
2. cochlea 3. vestibule of bony labyrinth 4. semicircular canals
234
Identify
1. vestibule of bony labyrinth 2. semicircular canals
235
What are the 4 major branches of the ECA?
* facial a. * maxillary a. * superior temporal a. * superior thyroid a.
236
Identify
1. facial a. 2. maxillary a. 3. superficial temporal a. 4. superior thyroid a.
237
Describe the path of the ICA
* enters skull via carotid canal * turns anterior (horizontal) to travel in temporal bone * turns superior to ascend into Circle of Willis anteriorly
238
Describe the pathway of the vertebral a.
* ascends in tranverse foramen of c-spine * enters skull via foramen magnum * R & L merge to form basilar a. * ascends anterior to brainstem * enters the Circle of Willis posteriorly
239
Identify
1. vertebral a. 2. basilar a.
240
What converges at the orbit?
anastamosis of 3 branches of ECA and 1 of ICA (opthalmic a.)
241
What is there a potential for at an anastamosis?
reverse flow to provide circulation to the brain via ECA

Clin Anat I - Exam #1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions