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MRCS > Head anatomy > Flashcards

Head anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal
Sphenoid

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2
Q

Bones that make up the middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal

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3
Q

Bones that make up the posterior cranial fossa

A

Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

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4
Q

what structures does the dural fold separating the cereburm and cerebellum attach to in the anterior cranial fossa

A

Anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

what dural fold separated the cereburm and cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebrelli

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sella turcica

A

Tuberculum sellae
Hypophoseal fossa
Dorsum sella

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7
Q

What are the foramina in the middle cranial fossa and what bone are they situated in

A

Sphenoid bone:
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
f. spinosum

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8
Q

What bones make up the foramen lacerum

A

Sphenoid
Temporal
occipital

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9
Q

Which bone is the carotid canal situated in

A

Petrous part of Temporal bone

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10
Q

What foramina do the temporal + occipital bones have

A

Jugular foramen
Foramen lacerum

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11
Q

Contents of superior orbital fissure

A

-CN III
-CN IV
-CN V1
-CN VI
-superior ophthalmic vein
-middle meningeal branch of lacrimal artery

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12
Q

What foramen does V2 of the trigeminal nerve pass through

A

Foramen rotundum

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13
Q

Foramen rotundum connects which 2 spaces

A

middle cranial fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

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14
Q

Contents of foramen ovale

A

-Otic ganglion (inferior)
-V3
-Accessory meningeal artery
-Lesser petrosal nerve
-Emissary veins

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15
Q

Contents of foramen spinosum

A

-Middle meningeal artery
-Middle meningeal vein
-Meningeal branch of V3

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16
Q

Foramen spinosum and ovale connect which 2 spaces

A

middle cranial fossa and infratemporal fossa

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17
Q

Which foramen contains the greater and deep petrosal nerves

A

Foramen Lacerum

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18
Q

Contents of carotid canal

A

-internal carotid
artery
venous plexus
nervous plexus

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19
Q

Which foramen is at the intersection of the sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

A

lacerum

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20
Q

Contents of internal acoustic meatus

A

-CN 7
-CN 8
-vestibular ganglion
-labrinthyine artery

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21
Q

Contents of jugular foramen

A

-CN 9
-CN 10
-CN 11
-inferior petrosal sinus
-sigmoid sinus

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22
Q

Contents of hypoglossal canal

A

-CN 12
-hypoglossal venous plexus

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23
Q

Contents of foramen magnum

A

-medulla
-meninges
-anterior + posterior spinal arteries
-vertebral artery
-alar ligaments
-spinal root of CN 11

24
Q

Surgical significance of the mastoid fossa

A

Is considered the ‘safe’ area for drilling during a mastoidectomy

25
Q

Location of the mastoid fossa

A

Above the mastoid antrum (largest of the mastoid air cells)

26
Q

Layers of the scalp

A

skin
(dense)connective tissue*
aponeurosis**
loose areolar connective tissue
periosteum

*(vascular + innervated)
**of frontalis and occipitalis muscles

27
Q

Which layer of the scalp is considered the ‘danger’ area and why

A

Loose areolar connective tissue

-has emissary (valveless) veins that connect the extracranial veins with the dural sinuses hence infection can spread intracranially

28
Q

borders of the infratemporal fossa

A

Roof= sphenoid bone
anterior= posterior aspect of maxillary sinus
floor= medial pterygoid muscle
medial wall= lateral pterygoid plate, superior constrictors, tensor/ elevator veli palatini
lateral wall= ramus of mandible
posterior= carotid sheath/ mastoid/ styloid process

29
Q

Nerves in the infratemporal fossa

A

-mandibular nerve (V3)
-sensory branches of trigeminal:
auriculotemporal
buccal
lingual
inferior alveolar

-otic ganglion
-chorda tympani

30
Q

Muscles in infratemporal fossa

A

-medial pterygoid
-laterla pterygoid

(masseter + temporalis attach to the borders of the fossa)

31
Q

Vasculature in the inratemporal fossa

A

-maxillary artery
-maxillary vein
-middle meningeal artery + vein
-pterygoid venous plexus

32
Q

What bones meet at the pterion

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
sphenoidal

33
Q

What lies deep to the pterion and what is the risk of a fracture in this area

A

= extradural haemorrhage= raised ICP

Middle meningeal artery

34
Q

How are the muscles of facial expression divided

A

orbital
nasal
oral

35
Q

Which pharyngeal arch did the muscles of facial expression originate from

A

2nd arch

36
Q

Which nerve supplies all the muscles of facial expression

A

Facial CN 7

37
Q

What are the terminal branches of the facial nerve

A

-temporal
-zygomatic
-buccal
-marginal mandibular
-cervical

38
Q

Which nerves innervates the orbicularis oculi

A

temporal + zygomatic

39
Q

What are the orbital muscles of facial expression

A

orbicularis oculi
corragator supercilli

40
Q

What are the nasal muscles of facial expression

A

procerus
nasali (transverse + alar)
depressor septi nasi

41
Q

What are the oral muscles of facial expression

A

orbicularis oris
buccinator
minor muscles:

zygomaticus major/minor
levator anguli oris
levator labii superiororis
risorius
depressor anguli oris
depressor labii inferiororis
mentalis

42
Q

Which nerve innervates the nasal muscles

A

buccal branch of facial nerve

43
Q

Which nerve innervates the oral muscles

A

OO + buccinator= buccal

minor muscles= marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve

44
Q

Innervation of the platysma

A

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

45
Q

Which blood vessels make up the Keisselbachs plexus

A

sphenopalatine artery
greater palatine
ant/posterior ethmoidal
superior labial

46
Q

Which pharyngeal arch did the muscles of mastication originate from

A

1st arch

47
Q

What nerve innervates muscles of mastication

A

V3 of trigeminal nerve

48
Q

What are the muscles of mastication

A

Masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid

49
Q

How are the muscles of the tongue classed

A

intrinsic + extrinsic muscles

50
Q

Which nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue

A

all intrinsic= hypoglossal
all extrinsic EXCEPT palatoglossus= hypoglossal nerve

51
Q

Which nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscles

A

vagus nerve

52
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and thier actions

A

Genioglossus= protrude tongue

Hyoglossus= depress + retract (Hide) tongue

Styloglossus= lift tongue

Palatoglossus= lifts the back of the tongue

53
Q

Which nerve give general sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

A

Ant 2/3:
touch= V3
taste= chorda tympani (CN7)

Post 1/3:
touch= CN 9
taste= CN 9

54
Q

Vascular supply to the tongue

A

lingual
artery + veins

55
Q

lymph drainage of the anterior and posterior parts of the tongur

A

Anterior= submental + submandibular nodes

Posterior= deep cervical nodes

MRCS (21 decks)

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