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BDS1 BAMS histology and head and neck anatomy > head and neck > Flashcards

head and neck Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 8 cranial bones?

A
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • parietal (2)
  • sphenoid
  • temporal (2)
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2
Q

what are the 14 facial bones?

A

inferior concha (2)
lacrimal (2)
mandible
maxilla (2)
nasal (2)
palatine (2)
vomer
zygoma (2)

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3
Q

what are the cranial sutures?

A

coronal
sagittal
lambdoid

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4
Q

what is a cranial frontanelle?

A

soft spot where sutures join

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5
Q

what do frontanelles allow?

A

growth of a childs brain during first year of development

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6
Q

which bones comprise the cranial base?

A
  • ethmoid
  • frontal
  • occipital
  • sphenoid
  • temporal (pertrous)
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7
Q

which bone in the skull is ‘butterfly shaped’?

A

shpenoid

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8
Q

what is the foramen magnum?

A

a passage of the central nervous system through the skull connecting the brain with the spinal cord

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9
Q

where is the zygoma?

A

down past side of eye to cheek

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10
Q

where is the ethmoid bone?

A

back of eye

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11
Q

where is the lacrimal bone?

A

inner eye

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12
Q

why is the zygoma bone set back?

A

to increase peripheral vision

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13
Q

where is the sphenoid bone?

A

middle of side profile of the skull

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14
Q

what is the name of the artery behind the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

middle meningeal artery

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15
Q

what is the pterion?

A

an H-shaped bony neurological landmark found at the junction of the frontal, sphenoid, parietal and the squamous part of temporal bone

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16
Q

what is the thinnest bone in the body?

A

lacrimal bone

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17
Q

what is the optic foramen?

A

the opening through which the optic nerve runs back into the brain and the large ophthalmic artery enters the orbit

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18
Q

what are the superior/inferior orbital fissures?

A

superior orbital fissure is the slit in the posterior wall of the orbit. It passes through to the middle cranial fossa within the cranial cavity. The inferior orbital fissure is the slit in the floor of the orbit passing to the infratemporal fossa

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19
Q

where is and what is the function of the infraorbital foramen?

A

located on the maxillary bone about 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital margin, the infraorbital nerve and vessels are transmitted through this foramen

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20
Q

what is the bone at the back of the nose?

A

ethmoid

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21
Q

what is the front of the nose made of?

A

septal cartilage

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22
Q

which vein drains most the head and neck?

A

internal jugular vein

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23
Q

what artery supplies the head, neck and brain?

A

common carotid artery

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24
Q

what are branches of the common carotid artery?

A

internal and external carotid artery

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25
which artery supplies the brain?
the internal carotid artery
26
which artery supplies the head and neck?
the external carotid artery
27
what are the small branches of the common carotid artery?
Ascending pharyngeal Superior Thyroid Lingual Facial Occipital- back of head Posterior Auricular- behind ear Superficial temporal Maxillary
28
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply?
the pharynx
29
what does the superior thyroid artery supply?
thyroid gland
30
what does the lingual artery supply?
the floor of the mouth
31
where does the retromandibular vein come from?
the superficial temporal vein
32
what does the external jugular vein drain?
external structures eg posterior auricular vein and retro-mandibular vein
33
what are the cavernous sinuses?
drain the blood from the orbits through the ophthalmic veins and from the anterior part of the base of the brain by the sphenoparietal sinus and the middle cerebral veins
34
danger triangle
from the bridge of the nose down to the corners of the mouth- risk of surface infection travelling to the brain
35
what is the function of venous sinuses?
drain oxygen-depleated blood from the brain
36
what does the emissary veins do?
connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull, into the larger meningeal veins and dural venous sinuses
37
what does the emissary veins do?
connect the veins outside the cranium to the venous sinuses inside the cranium. They drain from the scalp, through the skull, into the larger meningeal veins and dural venous sinuses
38
what is the risk involved with the emissary vein?
infection travelling straight from scalp into brain
39
what direction does the brain drain?
towards the back
40
what nerves are most commonly anaesthetised?
maxillary and mandibular
41
what bones are part of the temporomandibular joint?
head of mandible mandibular fossa articular tubercle
42
what are the ligaments of the temporomandibular joint?
sphenomandibular ligament lateral ligament
43
what is the function of discs?
protect the joints
44
bones of TMJ
- mental foreman - mylohyoid line - mental spine
45
what is the name of the bone from your ear down to your jaw?
ramus
46
which part of the mandible forms the TMJ?
condylar process
47
what nerve passes through the mandibular foramen?
inferior alveolar nerve- aneasthetising
48
what is the modified hinge joint in the TMJ?
synovia joint
49
what is the mandibular condyle?
the process on the mandible that articulates with the disk of the TMJ
50
what is the mandibular fossa?
an oval depression behind the anterior root of the zygomatic process of temporal bone for the reception of the condyle of the mandible
51
what is the styloid process?
projects from the inferior part of the petrous temporal bone and offers attachment to the stylohyoid ligament and the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles
52
what does the fibrocartilaginous disc do inside the capsule?
divides the cavity onto a superior and inferior compartment - gliding and hinge movement
53
when is the joint most stable?
when the mandible is elevated and teeth are occluded (mouth is closed)
54
what is the most common injury of the TMJ?
forward dislocation
55
what is the blood supply of the TMJ?
External carotid artery: superficial temporal and maxillary branches
56
what is the nerve supply of the TMJ?
Auriculotemporal and Masseteric nerves which are both derived from Vc:Trigeminal nerve
57
what is the only muscle which opens the mouth?
lateral pterygoid
58
where does the medial pterygoid arise and insert?
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts onto the medial surface of the mandible and ramus
59
where does the lateral pterygoud arise and insert?
arises infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and inserts into the neck of the mandible at the foeva and to the capsule and intra-capsular disc
60
What divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid
61
What is the mylohyoid muscle?
Forms the floor of the mouth
62
What are the 9 laryngeal cartilages?
- thyroid - cricoid - epiglottis - arytenoid 2 - corniculate 2 - cuneiform 2
63
what joins the left and right lobes of the thyroid gland?
Isthmus
64
what supplies the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C 3,4,5)
65
What supplies majority of muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve

BDS1 BAMS histology and head and neck anatomy (12 decks)

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