Head And Neck

Question 1

Branches of mandibular nerve

Answer 1

Meningeal branch
Anterior division:
Buccal, masseter , deep temporal
Posterior division:
Lingual, Auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar nerve(omyhyoid, digastric, tensor Levi palatini)

Question 2

Boundaries of infratemporal fossa

Answer 2

Anterior: post surface of body of maxilla
Roof: infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
Medial: lateral pterygoid plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Lateral: ramus of mandible

Question 3

Orbicularis Oris is supplied by nerve

Answer 3

Buccal and mandibular branch of facial nerve

Question 4

Nerve supply and Function of orbicularis oculi

Answer 4

Temporal branch of facial nerve

Close the eyelids and assists in pumping the tears from the eye into the nasolacrimal duct system

Question 5

Multipennate, bipennate, unipennate muscles and examples
multiple rows of muscle fibres whose central tendon branches into two or more tendons

Answer 5

M: Deltoid
B: Stapedius, rectus femoris
U: lower leg muscles

Question 6

Olive (structure in brain)

Answer 6

a pair of prominent oval structures in the medulla oblongata, the lower portion of the brainstem.

Question 7

Auditory area

Answer 7

regions of the cerebral cortex located bilaterally in the temporal lobes.

Question 8

The external ear consists of

Answer 8

1. Auricle or pinna
2. External acoustic meatus

Question 9

Masseter nerve
Mentalis nerve

Answer 9

Mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve
Facial nerve

Question 10

nerve supply of muscles of mastication

Answer 10

a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the mandibular nerve.

Question 11

Functional area of taste

Answer 11

Broad man’s area 43

Question 12

Odontoid process is found in

Answer 12

second cervical vertebrae (C2, or the axis).

Question 13

Functional area of temporal lobe

Answer 13

Primary auditory complex
Managing emotions, retrieving and storing memories and understanding language.

Question 14

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery

Answer 14

The anterior cerebral arteries supply the anteromedial portion of the cerebrum.
The middle cerebral arteries are situated laterally, supplying the majority of the lateral part of the brain.
The posterior cerebral arteries supply both the medial and lateral parts of the posterior cerebrum.

Question 15

Dangerous area of face

Answer 15

The section of your face from the bridge of your nose to the corners of your mouth. Also called triangle of death

If the skin inside this triangle is broken, like from a cut or popped pimple, bacteria can enter the body and cause infection. Due to its proximity to critical portions of the brain, the infection can quickly lead to serious complications, including cavernous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, brain abscess, or even death.

Question 16

Wernicke’s area

Answer 16

located in Brodmann area 22, the posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere
CRITICAL FOR SPEECH PRODUCTION

Question 17

Anterior and posterior commissure

Answer 17

The anterior commissure connects the olfactory bulbs, amygdaloid nuclei, and the medial and inferior temporal lobes.
The posterior commissure fibers connect areas in the occipital lobes, primarily areas concerned with pupillary response and eye movement control.

Question 18

Commissure

Answer 18

connect an area in one hemisphere with an area in the opposite hemisphere.

Question 19

Pyramids due to corticospinal decussation

Answer 19

Decussation of the fibers (i.e., the crossing of fibers to the opposite side of the body) occurs at the level of the lower medulla, where 85 to 90% of the fibers cross to form the lateral corticospinal tract (LCST).

Question 20

Internal arcuate fibers between peduncles (sensory decussation)

Answer 20

Upon decussation (crossing over) from one side of the medulla to the other, also known as the sensory decussation, they are then called the medial lemniscus.

Question 21

Mylohyoid line and it’s attachment

Answer 21

The mylohyoid line is the site of attachment of many muscles, including the mylohyoid muscle, and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is also the site of attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe
The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the mandible

Question 22

Primary motor area broad Mann’s area 4

Answer 22

Posterior region of precentral area in precentral gyrus
Function:
Produce movement on opposite side of the body

Question 23

Gap junction function

Answer 23

Gap junctions allow the exchange of ions, second messengers, and small metabolites between adjacent cells

Question 24

Intercalated discs

Answer 24

Intercalated disc contains gap junctions and desmosomes for depolarization and muscle contraction.

Question 25

Arterial supply to bones

Answer 25

the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries

Question 26

Circle of Willis (a ring of vessels connecting the anterior and posterior circulations of the brain)

Answer 26

Anterior cerebral artery (left and right) at their A1 segments. Anterior communicating artery. Internal carotid artery (left and right) at its distal tip (carotid terminus) middle cerebral arteries. Posterior communicating artery (left and right

Question 27

What is somite and derivatives of somite

Answer 27

Somites are segmental axial structures of vertebrate embryos that give rise to (derivatives;) vertebral column, ribs, skeletal muscles, and subcutaneous tissues.

Question 28

Types of cells in bone

Answer 28

**osteoblasts, bone lining cells, osteocytes, and osteoclasts** Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation, and osteocytes help maintain bone structure by regulating the mineral concentration of the matrix. Osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption, while bone lining cells are believed to play a complementary role in maintaining the bone matrix.

Question 29

Osteoclast location

Answer 29

**Howship's lacunae** (pits in the bone surface which are called resorption bays)

Question 30

Haversian canal

Answer 30

any of the minute tubes which form a network in bone and contain blood vessels.

Question 31

What is Osteon

Answer 31

Also known as the Haversian system, osteons *consist of overlapping cylinders of bone tissue called lamellae*. In the center of each lamellae is a passageway called the Haversian canal, through which blood vessels and nerves pass.

Question 32

Composition of cartilage

Answer 32

It is composed of a dense extracellular matrix (ECM) with a sparse distribution of highly specialized cells called chondrocytes. The ECM is principally composed of water, collagen, and proteoglycans, with other noncollagenous proteins and glycoproteins present in lesser amounts.

Question 33

Types of bone

Answer 33

Long bone – has a long, thin shape. ... Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. ... Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. ... Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above three types.

Question 34

Extracellular matrix of cartilage

Answer 34

Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed primarily of the network **type II collagen** (COLII) and an interlocking **mesh of fibrous proteins** and **proteoglycans (PGs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and chondroitin sulfate (CS)**

Question 35

Features of carotid sheath

Answer 35

IJV, VAGUS NERVE, COMMON CAROTID ARTERY Cranial nerves 9, 10 and 11 pass through it.

Question 36

Floor of 4th ventricle Floor of 3rd ventricle

Answer 36

Pons and medulla Thalamus

Question 37

Parts of medulla

Answer 37

Olives, pyramids, inferior peduncles, hypoglossal canal

Question 38

Facial colliculi

Answer 38

When facial nerve C7 pass around abducens C6, it cause swelling called facial colliculi

Question 39

Neural pores present in

Answer 39

Chordal and neural side of

Question 40

Nerve supply of lower jaw

Answer 40

Inferior alveolar nerve Mental nerve

Question 41

Parotid gland nerve supply and parent artery

Answer 41

Glossopharyngeal nerve, Auriculotemporal. Maxillary artery.

Question 42

Heissner corpuscle

Answer 42

Group of epithelial cells in medulla of thymus

Question 43

Larynx nerve and blood supply

Question 44

Nerve supply of lacrimal gland

Answer 44

Lacrimal nerve branch of opthalmic nerve

Question 45

Maxillary artery branches

Answer 45

Mandibular Pterygoid Pterygopalatine

Question 46

Lacrimal apparatus

Answer 46

Another name for tear system Contains glands , sacs and nasolacrimal duct

Question 47

Inferior meatus of nose open

Answer 47

Nasolacrimal duct guard by nasolacrimal fold

Question 48

Kiessalbach's plexus formed and what is its significance

Answer 48

.

Question 49

Carotid canal and it's content

Answer 49

ICA and cervical plexus

Question 50

Nasal septum blood and nerve supply

Answer 50

Trigeminal V1

Question 51

Locate carotid canal and it's content

Answer 51

Norma basalis and cervical plexus and IJV pass through it

Question 52

Branches of internal carotid artery

Answer 52

Opthalmic artery Anterior choroidal artery Posterior communicating artery Middle cerebral artery Anterior cerebral artery

Question 53

Types of association fiber Types of Commissural fibers

Answer 53

Short and long fibers Ant. Post comis Corpus callosum Fornix Habelunar

Question 54

TMJ and it's movement

Answer 54

Movement: Depression Elevation Protrusion Retardation According to muscle of mastication Rotating Gliding movement

Question 55

Blood supply of maxilla

Answer 55

Maxillary artery branch of ECA (external carotid artery)

Question 56

Broca's area cause Vermix cause

Answer 56

Aphasia Receptive aphasia

Question 57

Facial artery parent artery

Answer 57

External carotid artery

Question 58

The sphenomandibular ligament, (which is derived from the sheath of Meckel's cartilage)

Answer 58

a fibrous structure that passes between the spine of the sphenoid bone and the lingula of the mandible.

Question 59

Lingual tonsils blood supply + parent artery

Answer 59

Lingual artery Parent artery is facial artery of ECA

Question 60

which arteries are involved in epistaxis

Answer 60

The anterior ethmoid, greater palatine, sphenopalatine, and superior labial arteries

Question 61

posterior cerebral artery is the branch of which artery

Answer 61

The posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of the basilar artery and supply the occipital lobes and posteromedial temporal lobes.