Head and Neck

Question 1

Frontalis

Answer 1

Action: Elevation of eyebrows, creases skin of forehead, moves scalp forward
Origin: skin of eyebrow and forehead
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 2

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 2

Action: closes eyelids
Origin: Frontal bone, Maxilla
Insertion: fibers blend at lateral side of orbit
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 3

Zygomaticus major

Answer 3

Action: elevation of corner of mouth
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: blends with muscles at angle of mouth
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 4

Levator labii superioris

Answer 4

Action: elevation of upper lip
Origin: Maxilla, Zygomatic bone
Insertion: blends with muscles of upper lip
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 5

Nasalis

Answer 5

Action: widen naris
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Alar cartilage
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 6

Orbicularis oris

Answer 6

Action: closes lips, protrudes lips
Origin: skin around mouth, mandible, maxilla
Insertion: lips, interdigitation with fibers from opposite side
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 7

Buccinator

Answer 7

Action: compression of cheek
Origin: pterygomandibular raphe, maxilla, mandible
Insertion: blends with muscles at angle of mouth
Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 8

Platysma

Answer 8

Action: elevates and creases skin of neck, depression of lower lip and angle of mouth
Origin: fascia of upper thorax and lower neck
Insertion: mandible, skin and fascia of lower face, blends with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 9

Zygomaticus minor

Answer 9

Action: elevation of upper lip, produces nasolabial furrow
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: blends with orbicularis iris muscle
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 10

Depressor anguli oris

Answer 10

Action: depresses angle of mouth
Origin: Mandible (body)
Insertion: blends with muscles at angle of mouth
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 11

Depressor labii inferioris

Answer 11

Action: depresses lower lip
Origin: Mandible (body)
Insertion: blends with muscles of lower lip
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 12

Trapezius

Answer 12

Action: upper fibers: elevation of scapula; superior rotation of scapula. middle fibers: reiteration of scapula. lower fibers: depress of scapula
Origin: Occipital bone, Nuchal ligament, Vertebra prominens, Spinous processes of T1-12 vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle, Scapula
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 13

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 13

Action: unilateral: rotation of head so face turns to opposite side. bilateral: flexion of head
Origin: Clavical, Sternum
Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral one-half of superior nuchal line of bone
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 14

Scalene

Answer 14

Action: anterior: elevation of rib 1; lateral flexion and rotation of neck. middle: elevation of rib 1; lateral flexion of neck. Posterior: elevation of rib 2; lateral flexion of neck
Origin: Transverse process of C3-7 vertebrae
Insertion: anterior and middle: rib 1. Posterior: rib 2
Innervation: ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 15

Occipitalis

Answer 15

Action: elevation of eyebrows, creases skin of forehead, moves scalp backward
Origin: occipital bone
Insertion: Epicranial aponeurosis
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 16

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 16

Action: elevation of eyebrows, creases skin of forehead, moves scalp backward and forward
Includes: occipitalis and frontalis
Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 17

Masseter

Answer 17

Action: elevation and protraction of mandible
Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: mandible
Innervation: trigeminal nerve

Question 18

Temporalis

Answer 18

Action: upper fibers: elevation of scapula; superior rotation of scapula. middle fibers: reiteration of scapula. lower fibers: depression of scapula
Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, vertebra prominens, spinous processes of T1-12 vertebrae
Insertion: Clavicle and Scapula
Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 19

Splenius capitis

Answer 19

Action: unilateral: rotation of head to same side. bilateral: extension of head and neck
Origin: Nuchal ligament, vertebra prominens, spinous processes of T1-3 vertebrae
Insertion: Temporal bone, occipital bone
Innervation: dorsal rami of C3-5 spinal nerves

Question 20

Superior rectus

Answer 20

Action: elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball
Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: Sclera
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 21

Levator palpebrae superioris

Answer 21

Action: elevation of upper eyelid
Origin: Sphenoid bone
Insertion: upper eyelid
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 22

Lateral rectus

Answer 22

Action: abduction of eyeball
Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: Sclera
Innervation: Abducens nerve (CN VI)

Question 23

Inferior rectus

Answer 23

Action: Depression, adduction, and lateral rotation of eyeball
Origin: common tendinous ring
Insertion: Sclera
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 24

Inferior oblique

Answer 24

Action: elevation and lateral rotation of eyeball
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Sclera
Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 25

Lateral pterygoid

Answer 25

Action: protraction and side-to-side movement of mandible Origin: Sphenoid bone Insertion: mandible, articular disc of TMJ Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

Question 26

Medial pterygoid

Answer 26

Action: Elevation, protrusion, and side-to-side movement of mandible Origin: Sphenoid bone Insertion: Mandible Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

Question 27

Digastric

Answer 27

Action: depression of mandible, elevation of hyoid bone Origin: anterior belly of mandible, posterior belly temporal bone Insertion: hyoid bone Innervation: trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 28

Levator scapulae

Answer 28

Action: elevation, inferior rotation of scapula and lateral flexion of neck Origin: transverse processes C1-4 vertebra Insertion: Scapula Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve, ventral rami of C3-4 spinal nerves

Question 29

Superior oblique

Answer 29

Action: depression, abduction, and medial rotation of eyeball Origin: sphenoid bone Insertion: Sclera Innervation: trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Question 30

Medial rectus

Answer 30

Action: adduction of eyeball Origin: common tendinous ring Insertion: sclera Innervation: oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Question 31

Pharyngeal constrictor

Answer 31

Action: peristalsis during swallowing Origin: pterygomandibular raphe, hyoid bone, thyroid and cricoid cartilages of larynx Insertion: posterior midline raphs, base of skull Innervation: vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 32

Hyoglossus

Answer 32

Action: depression of tongue Origin: Hyoid bone Insertion: blends with musculature of tongue Innervation: hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 33

Splenius cervicis

Answer 33

Action: unilateral: rotation of head to same side. bilateral: extension of head and neck Origin: spinous processes of T3-6 vertebrae Insertion: transverse processes of C1-3 vertebrae Innervation: dorsal rami of C3-5 spinal nerves

Question 34

Semispinalis capitis

Answer 34

Action: unilateral: rotation of head to opposite side. bilateral: extension of head and neck Origin: transverse process of C7-T6 vertebrae Insertion: occipital bone Innervation: cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)