Head and Neck 3 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
What are the functions of the nose?
A
Traps dirt
Respiration
Humidification of inspired air
Olfaction (smell)
2
Q
The nasal cavity is divided into 2 parts by what?
A
Midline nasal septum
3
Q
The palate is made up of what?
A
Bony palate anteriorly
Soft palate posteriorly
4
Q
What seperates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?
A
Palate
5
Q
What are the functions of the larynx?
A
Open valve - respiration
Partially closed valve - orifice can be modulated in phonation
Closed valve - protecting trachea (deglutition -diig-luu-ti-tion)
6
Q
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
A
Nasopharynx - lying behind the nasal fossae and above soft palate
Oropharynx - lying behind anterior pillars of the fauces
Laryngopharnx - lying behind larynx
7
Q
What vertebral level does the trachea begin?
A
C6
8
Q
Where does the trachea lie relative to the oesophagus?
A
Anterior
9
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal sinus
10
Q
What is B?
A
Nasal Cavity
11
Q
What is C?
A
Hard palate
12
Q
What is D?
A
Genioglossus
13
Q
What is E?
A
Geniohyoid / Mylohyhoid
14
Q
What is F?
A
Hyoid
15
Q
What is G?
A
Trachea
16
Q
What is H?
A
Oesophagus
17
Q
What is I?
A
Larynx
18
Q
What is J?
A
Laryngopharynx
19
Q
What is K?
A
Soft palate
20
Q
What is L?
A
Sphenoid sinus
21
Q
What is M?
A
Concha (inferior, middle, superior)
22
Q
To which bone do the nasal aperatures articulate with superiorly at the nasion?
A
Frontal bone
23
Q
What is A?
A
Frontal bone
24
Q
What is B?
A
Cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
25
What is C?
Sphenoid bone
26
What is D?
palatine bone
27
What is E?
Palatine process of maxilla
28
What is F?
Inferior concha
29
What is G?
Nasal bone
30
The floor of the nasal cavity is formed from what?
1. **The hard palate** : _Palatine processes_ of the _maxillae_ and the _palatine bones_ form the hard palate
2. **The soft palate:** muscle tissue
31
The roof of the nose is formed from what?
Anteriorly to posteriorly, the nasal bones, part of the frontal bone as well as the ethmoid bone and the body of the sphenoid bone
32
What 2 bones form the nasal septum?
Vomer bone
Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
33
What structure lies anterior to the vomer and ethmoid bones to complete the nasal septum?
Septal cartilage
34
What is A?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
35
What is D?
Crest of Maxilla
36
What is B?
Sphenoid sinus
37
What is C?
Palatine
38
What is I?
Cribiform plate
39
What is E?
Septal cartilage
40
What is F?
Vomer
41
What is G?
Nasal bone
42
What is H?
Frontal sinus
43
What passes through the cribiform plate?
1st cranial nerve / Olfactory nerves
44
What attaches to the crista gali?
Falx cerebri
45
What is A?
Crista galli
46
What is B?
Superior concha
47
What is C?
Middle concha
48
What is D?
Perpendicular plate
49
What is E?
Ethmoid air cells
50
What is F?
Orbital plate
51
What is G?
Olfactory foramina
52
What is H?
Cribiform plate
53
What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
54
What is the roof of the nasal cavity lined by?
Olfactory mucosa
55
Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
56
What are the 3 projections on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity called?
Conchae
57
What is the space inferior to each concha called?
Meatus
58
What is A?
Superior concha
59
What is B?
Middle concha
60
What is C?
Inferior concha
61
What is D?
Inferior meatus
62
What is E?
Inferior concha
63
What is F?
Middle meatus
64
What is G?
Middle concha
65
What is H?
Superior meatus
66
What is I?
Superior concha
67
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal recess
68
The inferior concha is on a seperate bone, what bone is the superior and middle conchae on?
Ethmoid bone
69
Arterial supply to the nose is via what?
Branches of the opthalamic artery (which is a branch of ICA) and the sphenopalatine artery which is a branch or the Maxillary artery. Maxillary artery is branch of ECA.
70
What is the opthalmic artery a branch of?
ICA
71
What clinical implication does the rich vascular supply of the nose have?
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
72
Venous drainage of the nose is via what?
A venous plexus
73
What are examples of structures that open into meatuses in the nose?
Number of structures including opening of paranasal air sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct
74
What are paranasal air sinuses?
Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of nasal cavity into cranial bones
75
What are the functions of paranasal air sinuses?
Decrease weight of the skull
Increase resonance of voice
76
What kind of mucosa lines paranasal air sinuses?
Respiratory mucosa similar to and continous with that lining the nasal cavity
77
What is a clinical implication of the mucosa lining air sinuses being continuous to that lining the nasal cavity?
Sinusitis, infection can spread easily
78
What opens into the spheno-ethmoid recess?
Sphenoid sinus
79
What opens into the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
80
What opens into the middle meatus?
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Anterior ethmoid air cells
MIddle ethmoid air cells
81
What opens into the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
82
Since the paranasal air sinuses are lined with cilliated psudostratified columnar epithelium which secrete nasal secretions, what sinus has the most trouble draining its secretions into the nasal cavity?
Maxillary - opening is not at its most inferior part so secretions do not drain well
83
Branches of what cranial nerve innervates all of the sinuses and air cells?
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V)
84
What innervates the frontal air sinus?
Supraorbital and supratrochlear (V1)
85
What innervates sphenoid air sinus?
V1 and V2
86
What innervates maxillary air sinus?
V2
87
What innervates ethmoidal air cells?
Ethmoidal nerve (V1 branches)
88
What does the soft palate do during deglutition?
Cuts of the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx to prevent regurgitation of food through the nose
89
What bone forms the roof of the nasopharynx?
Sphenoid bone
90
What 2 important structures lie in the nasopharynx?
Collection of lymphoid tissue called adenoid or nasopharyngeal tonsil
Orifice of the pharyngotympanic (also called Eustachian tube) lies on the side-wall of nasopharynx level with floor of nose
91
What is the pharyngotympanic tube also called?
Eustachian tube
