Head and Neck 5

Question 1

To which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

Answer 1

Pharynx

Question 2

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

Answer 2

Trachea

Question 3

What is A?

Answer 3

Hyoid bone

Question 4

What is B?

Answer 4

Epiglottis

Question 5

What is C?

Answer 5

Thyroid cartilage

Question 6

What is D?

Answer 6

Cricoid cartilage

Question 7

What is E?

Answer 7

Epiglottis

Question 8

What is F?

Answer 8

Thyroid cartilage

Question 9

What is G?

Answer 9

Cricoid cartilage

Question 10

What is H?

Answer 10

Cricoid cartilage

Question 11

Prominance on which cartilage makes the “Adam’s apple”?

Answer 11

Thyroid cartilage

Question 12

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring shape?

Answer 12

Cricoid cartilage

Question 13

What is the space between the laryngeal cartilages occupied by?

Answer 13

Dense connective tissue membranes

Question 14

What is A?

Answer 14

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 15

What is B?

Answer 15

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 16

What is C?

Answer 16

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 17

What is D?

Answer 17

Cricothyroid membrane

Question 18

What is E?

Answer 18

Vocal fold with vocal cord

Question 19

What structures form the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 19

Epiglottis- Anteroir

Aryepiglottic folds- lateral

Arytenoid cartilage - posterior

Corniculate cartilage- posterior

Question 20

The lumen of the larynx can be divided into 3 parts, what are these?

Answer 20

upper part (Vestibule) - area between laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds (or false vocal cords)

Middle part - lies between vestibular folds and the true vocal cords

Lower part - extends from vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

Question 21

Which one is the true vocal cords?

Answer 21

B

Question 22

What is A?

Answer 22

Epiglottis

Question 23

What is B?

Answer 23

Vestibule of larynx (upper part)

Question 24

What is C?

Answer 24

Vestibular fold

Question 25

What is D?

Answer 25

Interglottic space

Question 26

What is E?

Answer 26

Vocal fold

Question 27

What is F?

Answer 27

Lower part of the Larynx

Question 28

Nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx is from what?

Answer 28

the vagus nerve CN X becomes the **superior laryngeal nerve** and divides at the hyoid bone into two branchs: 1. the **internal laryngeal nerve** 2. **external laryngeal nerve** the internal laryngeal nerve supplies sensory to the vocal folds and the mucosa around it. the external laryngeal nerve supplies the cricoid muscle (motor) The **recurrent laryngeal nerve** supplies sensory and motor to the trehea and the all the larynx muscles expet the cricoid muscle. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (arises from CN X and has a different course on each side) except for cricothyroid muscle (which is from superior laryngeal nerve, branch of CN X)

Question 29

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

Answer 29

inability to control the muscles of the larynx except the muscles of the cricoid muscles.

Question 30

]What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

Answer 30

Internal laryngeal nerve

Question 31

When are the vocal cords abducted?

Answer 31

Normal respiration

Question 32

When are the vocal cords fully abducted?

Answer 32

Rapid breathing such as after exercise

Question 33

When are the focal cords adducted?

Answer 33

Speaking/singing

Question 34

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed from what?

Answer 34

Sphenoid bone

Question 35

In relation to the larynx, the pharynx is?

Answer 35

Posterior

Question 36

What prevents the bolus from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing?

Answer 36

Uvula and soft palate

Question 37

What prevents the bolus from entering the larynx during swallowing?

Answer 37

Epiglottis

Question 38

What are the layers of the pharynx?

Answer 38

1) Outer circular muscular layer 2) Inner longitudinal muscular layer 3) Middle fibrous layer 4) Inner mucous membrane

Question 39

What is the outer circular muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

Answer 39

Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) muscles

Question 40

What is the inner longitidual muscle layer of the pharynx formed from?

Answer 40

Stylophayngeus Salpingopharyngeus Palatopharyngeus

Question 41

What is A?

Answer 41

Superior constrictor

Question 42

What is B?

Answer 42

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Question 43

What is C?

Answer 43

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 44

What is D?

Answer 44

Oesophagus

Question 45

What is E?

Answer 45

Cricothyroid muscle

Question 46

What is F?

Answer 46

Thyrohyoid membrane

Question 47

What is G?

Answer 47

Mylohyoid muscle

Question 48

What is H/

Answer 48

Buccinator

Question 49

What is I?

Answer 49

Pterygo-mandibular ligament

Question 50

What is J?

Answer 50

Maxillary bone

Question 51

What does the pharynx receive innervation from?

Answer 51

Pharyngeal plexus

Question 52

What nerves from the pharyngeal plexus?

Answer 52

Branches of vagus (CN X) and glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 53

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 53

Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 54

What nerve supplies most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 54

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 55

What is the role played by the constrictor muscles during swallowing?

Answer 55

Constrict walls of pharynx

Question 56

What is the role played by the longitudinal layer of muscles during swallowing?

Answer 56

Elevate (shorten and widen) pharynx and larynx

Question 57

What role is played by tongue and palate muscles during swallowing?

Answer 57

Propels bolus posteriorly and palate prevents entrance to nasopharynx

Question 58

What lymphoid tissue protects the entrance to the oropharynx?

Answer 58

Pharyngeal lymphoid ring (Waldeyer's ring)

Question 59

What is the purpose of the pharyngeal lymphoid ring?

Answer 59

Primary defects against pathogens from mouth/nose

Question 60

name the tonsils in Waldeyer's ring?

Answer 60

* 2X Palatine tonsils * 2X Tubal tonsils * 1X Pharyngeal tonsils ( Adenoids) * 1X Lingual tonsils