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Anatomy Year 2 MBChB > Head and Neck > Flashcards

Head and Neck Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Genioglossus

A

Attaches to inner surface of mandible
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
Damage to right hypoglossal nerve = tongue deviates to right side

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2
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Attaches to upper border of mandible

Depression and retraction of tongue

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3
Q

Styloglossus

A

Attaches to styloid process

Elevates and retracts tongue

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4
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Elevates posterior tongue
Depresses soft palate
Innervated by CN X which is part of the pharyngeal plexus

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5
Q

Parotid

A

Glossopharyngeal innervation

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6
Q

Submandibular

A

Facial innervation

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7
Q

Sublingual

A

Facial innevation

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8
Q

General sensory innervation to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

V3 branch of trigeminal (lingual nerve)

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9
Q

General sensory innervation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

A

Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve

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11
Q

Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

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12
Q

Mucous membrane of tongue

A

Filiform (keratinised) papillae
Fibriform papillae
Circumvallate papillae (terminal sulcus)

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13
Q

Muscles of the soft palate and innervation

A 
Tensor veli palatini - V3
Pharyngeal plexus: 
Levator veli palatini 
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae
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14
Q

Elevation of Mandible

A

Masseter
Anterior part of Temporalis
Medial pterygoid

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15
Q

Depression of Mandible

A

Suprahyoid muscles
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Stylohyoid

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16
Q

Protrusion of Mandible

A

Lateral pterygoid, Masseter

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17
Q

Retrusion of Mandible

A

Posterior part of Temporalis, Masseter

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18
Q

Lateral Movements of Mandible

A

Medial and lateral pterygoid of opposite side, temporalis and masseter of same side

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19
Q

Innervation of the Muscles of Mastication

A

Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

Spheno-ethmoidal Recess

A

Sphenoid sinus

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21
Q

Superior Meatus

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

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22
Q

Middle Meatus

A

Anterior and middle ethmoid air cells
Frontal sinuses
Maxillary sinuses

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23
Q

Inferior Meatus

A

Nasolacrimal duct

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24
Q

Frontal Sinus Innervation

A

V1 of trigeminal

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25
Maxillary Sinus Innervation
V2 of trigeminal
26
Sphenoid Sinus Innervation
V1 and V2 of trigeminal
27
Suprahyoid Muscles and Innervation
Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone Digastric: V3 ant. belly, VII post. belly Mylohyoid: V3 Geniohyoid: C1 (follows course of CN XII) Stylohyoid: VII
28
Infrahyoid Muscles and Innervation
``` Depresses hyoid bone Omohyoid: Ansa cervicalis Sternohyoid: Ansa cervicalis Sternothyroid: Ansa cervicalis Thyrohyoid: C1 (follows course of CN XII) ```
29
Cervical Plexus
C1 - C4 Emerges between the levator scapulae and middle scalene muscles Forms the phrenic nerve, ansa cervicalis that innervates the infrahyoid muscles
30
Thyroid Veins
Superior and middle: IJV | Inferior: Brachiocephalic
31
Thyroid Arteries
Superior: ECA Inferior: Subclavian
32
Thyroid Gland and Trachea Location
Anterior to 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings
33
Laryngeal Muscles Innervation
Branches of Vagus (CN X) Innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve (continues to form inferior laryngeal nerve) - loops under aorta on left and under subclavian on right Cricothyroid is innervated by superior laryngeal nerve
34
Sensory Supply to Mucous Membrane of Larynx
Internal laryngeal nerve
35
Muscles of Pharynx and Innevation
Outer: superior, middle, inferior constrictor Inner: stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus Innervation by CN IX (sensory) and X (motor)
36
Actions of Pharyngeal Muscles
Constrictor: constrict pharyngeal walls during swallowing Longitudinal: elevate the larynx and pharynx during swallowing and speaking, close of nasopharynx Tongue and Soft palate: Bolus is compressed against hard palate and pushed into oropharynx, muscles closes of pharyngeal isthmus
37
Waldeyer's ring
Lymphoid tissue collection surrounding the oropharynx (lingual tonsil, adenoid, palatine, tubular)
38
Actions of Eye Muscles
Lateral rectus: Abduction Medial rectus: Adduction Superior rectus: Elevation, adduction, intorsion Inferior rectus: Depression, adduction, extorsion Superior oblique: Depression, abduction, intorsion Inferior oblique: Elevation, abduction, extorsion RADSIN Inferior oblique does not arise from posterior aspect of orbit
39
Lacrimal Gland Innervation
Facial nerve (VII)
40
Joints of Ossicles
``` Incudomalleolar = saddle Incudostapedial = ball and socket ```
41
Tensor Tympani
Tenses TM, dampens force of vibration in response to loud noises Attaches to handle of malleolus
42
Stapedius
Pulls stapes posteriorly to reduce osscilation | From projection of mastoid eminence to neck of stapes
43
Cribiform Plate
Olfactory nerve axons (CN I) | Special sensory - smell
44
Optic foramen
``` Optic nerve (CN II); Special sensory - vision Opthalmic artery ```
45
Superior Orbital Fissure
Occulomotor (CN III) - Parasympathetic, somatic motor Trochlear (CN IV) - Somatic motor (superior oblique) Abducens (CN VI) - Somatic motor (lateral rectus) Opthalmic divison of Trigeminal - General sensory V1 dermatome, exits supraorbital foramen as supraorbital nerve Opthalmic veins
46
Foramen Rotundum
Maxillary division of Trigeminal - General sensory V2 dermatome, exits infraorbital foramen as infraorbital nerve
47
Foramen Ovale
Mandibular division of Trigeminal - General sensory V3 dermatome, somatic motor to muscles of mastication
48
Foramen Spinosum
Middle meningeal artery, branch of maxillary artery (terminal branch of ECA)
49
Foramen Lacerum
ICA on top, plugged with cartilage
50
Carotid canal
ICA
51
Internal Acoustic Meatus
Facial and Vestibulocochlear nerve Chorda tympani branches at TM, remainder goes through facial canal and exits at stylomastoid foramen, branches at parotid gland
52
Jugular foramen
IX, X, XII, IJV
53
Hypoglossal foramen
Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
54
Foramen Magnum
Medulla, Meninges, Vertebral arteries, Spinal accessory nerve, Anterior / posterior spinal arteries
55
Insertion and Origins of Eye Muscles
All Recti: Tendinous ring origin and attaches to anterior part of sclera IO: Medial part of orbital floor and sclera posteriorly SO: Lesser wing of sphenoid bone and scleral posteriorly (supported by a trochlear = pulley)
56
Innervation of Eye Muscles
LR6SO4AO3
57
Lymphatic Drainage of Face and Scalp
Parotid - scalp around parotid gland, lateral part of eyelids, middle ear Buccal - cheek region Submental - anterior tip of tongue, central part of mouth floor and chin Submandibular - scalp, nose, lips, air sinuses, teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth, efferent lymphatics from submental Mastoid - middle region of scalp and external auditory meatus Occipital - back of scalp All efferents travel to deep cervical nodes
58
Lymphatic Drainage of Neck
Anterior cervical - superficial structures of neck, lies along IJV Superficial cervical - parotid nodes, angle of mandible, structures that lie at junction between neck, face, and scalp, lies along EJV Retropharyngeal - between pharynx and vertebral bodies, drains nasopharynx, auditory tube, upper cervical vertebral column Laryngeal - at cricothyroid ligament, drains larynx and adjacent structures Tracheal - trachea and thyroid gland
59
Jugulo-digastric Lymph Nodes
Jugular and facial vein junction | Tonsilitis
60
Growth of Skull
Fontanelles: Anterior, Posterior Anterior fuses at 12-18 months Posterior fuses 6-12 months Raised in ICP, infections Depressed in dehydration
61
Dentition
Decidous teeth: 20 in total 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 molars Permanent teeth: 32 in total 8 incisors, 4 canine, 8 premolars, 12 molars

Anatomy Year 2 MBChB (2 decks)

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