Head and Neck Anatomy 1

Question 1

What are the cranial bones?

Answer 1

• Frontal
• Parietal (x2)
• Ethmoid
• Occipital
• Temporal (x2)
• Sphenoid

Question 2

What are the facial bones?

Answer 2

• Lacrimal (2)
• Maxilla (2)
• Nasal (2)
• Inferior concha (2)
• Palatine (2)
• Vomer (1)
• Zygoma (2)
• Mandible (1)

Question 3

What are the 3 cranial sutures?

Answer 3

• Coronal
• Sagittal
• Lambdoid

Question 4

When do anterior fontanelles close?

Answer 4

At about 2 years old

Question 5

When do posterior fontanelles close?

Answer 5

At about 2 months old

Question 6

What are fontanelles?

Answer 6

The holes/space in between the bones of the skull

can become really big and pressurised when there is something wrong with a baby

Question 7

If a baby is dehydrated what happens to the fontanelles?

Answer 7

They become depressed

Question 8

What bones are included in the cranial base?

Answer 8

All cranial bones apart from the parietal bones

Question 9

The occipital bone is one of the largest bones in the skull, How many bones is this made up of?

Answer 9

4 bones

Question 10

What is the foramen magnum?

Answer 10

A hole in the occipital bone of the skull where the brainstem goes down

Question 11

What is the mastoid process?

Answer 11

A conical prominence of the temporal bone behind the ear, to which neck muscles are attached, and which has air space linked to the middle ear

Question 12

What is the thinnest bone in the body?

Answer 12

The lacrimal bone

Question 13

What does the zygoma act as?

Answer 13

A crash barrier which absorbs impact from trauma

- It transmits pressure and transfers it through the temporal bone

Question 14

What does the cranial vault consist of?

Answer 14

• Frontal bone
• Occipital bone
• Parietal bone
• Temporal bone

Question 15

What nerves go through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 15

CN3 and CN4 and first branch of CN5

Question 16

If you need to numb the palate what can you go through to do this?

Answer 16

The incisive canal

Question 17

If all bones of the maxilla are not developed properly what can this cause?

Answer 17

• A cleft lip and palate

- Can cause problems with speech and communication

Question 18

What does the nasopalatine nerve supply?

Answer 18

The front 6 teeth

Question 19

What is down the middle of the nasal septum and what 2 bones are further back?

Answer 19

• Cartilage down the middle

- Ethmoid and vomer bones further back

Question 20

Which main artery supplies the head and neck?

Answer 20

Common carotid artery

Question 21

What are the 2 branches of the common carotid artery that supply the head and neck?

Answer 21

Internal carotid artery
- Supplies about 80% of all brain blood supply

External carotid artery
- Several branches supplying the exterior of the head and neck

Question 22

What is the pneumonic for the arterial blood supply of the head?

Answer 22

Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS

Question 23

What are the different arterial and venous blood supplies of the head?

Answer 23

• Superior thyroid
• Ascending pharyngeal
• Lingual
• Facial
• Occipital
• Posterior auricular
• Maxillary
• Superficial temporal

Question 24

What 3 things sit inside the parotid gland?

Answer 24

• External carotid artery
• Retromandibular vein
• Facial nerve

Question 25

What is the main vein that drains the brain and what does it drain?

Answer 25

Internal jugular vein: drains the cerebrum, inside of the skull and most of the external structures of the head and neck

Question 26

What does the cavernous sinus include within it?

Answer 26

- A big vein: jugular - An artery: internal carotid - Nerves: cranial nerves

Question 27

What is the Dural venous sinus?

Answer 27

Folds of the dura (fibrous tissue), not strictly blood vessels -Drains all of the brain

Question 28

What are the 3 meninges of the brain?

Answer 28

- Dura mater (outside) - Arachnoid mater (middle) - Pia mater (inside)

Question 29

What is important about the cavernous sinus?

Answer 29

- It joins al of the veins at the front of the face - There is a danger triangle which sits at the nose - if pick spots infection can get into the vein and go to the cavernous sinus which can cause problems

Question 30

What are pulses?

Answer 30

Pressure waves in the artery caused by contraction of the left ventricle which corresponds to the heartbeat

Question 31

Where are pulses easily detected?

Answer 31

On superficial arteries as they pass over bony prominences

Question 32

What is the normal rate of pulses?

Answer 32

60-80 BPM

Question 33

Where on the head and neck can you check for pulses?

Answer 33

- Temporal pulse - Carotid pulse - Facial pulse

Question 34

Which cranial nerves majorly supply the face?

Answer 34

CN V, VII, IX and XII *V most important for dentists

Question 35

What kind of nerve is the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve and what other nerves does it supply?

Answer 35

- Sensory nerve * supratrochlear nerve * supraorbital nerve * lacrimal nerve * nasociliary nerve

Question 36

What kind of nerve is the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 36

- Sensory nerve * Zygomatic nerve * infraorbital nerve * anterior, middle and superior alveolar nerves Supplies to all upper teeth

Question 37

What kind of nerve is the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and what does it supply?

Answer 37

- Mixed nerve - Motor to muscles of mastication - Sensory - auriculotemporal nerve/lingual nerve/ buccal nerve/ inferior alveolar nerve