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Anatomy II module 1 > Head and Neck development > Flashcards

Head and Neck development Flashcards

1
Q

When does the bilateral pharyngeal apparatus start to form?

A

Four to five weeks post fert

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2
Q

Pharyngeal clefts

A

External aspect between arches (ectoderm)

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3
Q

Pharyngeal pouch

A

internal aspect between arches. There are four well defined arches, the fifth is reabsorbed. (endoderm)

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4
Q

Pharyngeal membranes

A

2 layered structures of ectoderm and endoderm

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5
Q

What is in the mesenchymal core of the arches?

A

Paraxial mesoderm, nc cells, and lateral plate mesoderm.

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6
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch contain?

A

A cartilaginous skeletal component(nc cell derived) connective tissue (nc cells) and muscle component (paraxial) a cranial nerve and a aortic arch artery

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7
Q

Intramembranous bone formation

A

Bone develops in WELL vascularized mesenchyme. No cartilage model. Makes flat bones of face and skull

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8
Q

Intra cartilaginous bone formation

A

Bone forms from pre-existing cartilage model, SOME bones of the pharyngeal apparatus are made this way

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9
Q

What are the two prominces of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

Maxillary and Madibular

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10
Q

Describe the cartilagenous component of the maxillary promincence of the 1st arch

A

The cartilage is called the palatopterygoquadrate (HOLY FUCK THAT IS A WORD) and the cartilage regresses and leaves no adult remnant

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11
Q

Describe the cartilagenous component of the mandibular prominence of the 1st pharyngeal arch

A

It is called Meckel’s cartilage and it makes a large contribution to the face, it leaves SOME adult structures

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12
Q

What does meckel’s cartilage give rise to? and how?

A

Incus, malleus, by endochondral ossification

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13
Q

What does the perichondrium of Meckel’s cartilage form?

A

Anterior ligament of malleus, and Sphenomandibular ligament

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14
Q

What does intramembranous ossification form in the maxillary prominence of the 1st arch?

A

Squamous portions of temporal bone, maxillary bone, zygomatic bone, palatine bone

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15
Q

What does intramembranous ossification form in the mandibular prominence of the 1st arch

A

Mandible

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16
Q

What are the muscle components of the 1st pharyngeal arch?

A

the FOUR muscles of mastication, the Tensor veli palatini (sounds like martini lol) and tensor tympani. Anterior belly of the digastric. Mylohyoid.

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17
Q

What is the nerve component of the first pharyngeal arch

A

Mandibular branch of the TRIGEMINAL (nerve V) nerve supplies the muscles. Sensory supply to skin of face is through opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular branches of CN V as well

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18
Q

What does Reichert’s cartilage of the second arch give rise to?

A

Stapes, the styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone

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19
Q

What muscles come form the 2nd arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric

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20
Q

skeletal component of 3rd pharyngeal arch

A

Lower part of the BODY and greater horn of the hyoid

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21
Q

muscle component of 3rd arch

A

the ONLY one is the stylopharyngeus

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22
Q

Nerve component of 3rd arch

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal nerve

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23
Q

nerve component of 2nd arch

A

Facial nerve VII

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24
Q

Skeleton of 4th and 6th arches

A

never as large as other arches, they merge together. They form laryngeal cartilage from lateral plate mesoderm, cartilage does not ossify

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25
Q

Muscles of arches 4 and 6

A

muscles of soft palate, pharynx, intrinsic muscles of larynx, muscles of upper esophagus. Myoblasts of 6th arch become intrinsic laryngeal muscles

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26
Q

Nerve component of arch 4 and 6

A

Vagus Nerve

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27
Q

where do pharyngeal arch muscles come from?

A

from cranial paraxial mesoderm and occipital somites

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28
Q

what is the fate of pharyngeal arch arteries

A

they are modified to form definitive arteries of the upper thorax neck and head

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29
Q

What is the diverticulum of pharyngeal pouches

A

it is a pouch or sace that branches out from a hollow organ.

30
Q

First pouch expands towards

A

the first pharngeal cleft. The distal portion expands to form the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity, proximal narrow portions forms teh auditory tube

31
Q

Which pouch forms a stalk like extension?

A

the first, it eventually becomes the auditory tube

32
Q

Which pouch has epithelial lining that proliferates and forms buds that extend into mesenchyme

A

The second one does

33
Q

What type of tissue infiltrates the buds of the second pouch?

A

Lymphatic tissue

34
Q

What does epithelial lining of 2nd pouch become?

A

the surface epithelium of the palatine tonsil

35
Q

Where does palatine fossa come from?

A

part of the 2nd pouch

36
Q

what are the 2 regions of the 3rd pouch?

A

dorsal and ventral

37
Q

What does the dorsal region of 3rd pouch form?

A

the Inferior parathyroid gland

38
Q

what does the ventral region of the 3rd pouch form?

A

stroma of the thymus

39
Q

What are the two regions of the 4th pouch?

A

dorsal and ventral

40
Q

what does dorsal region of 4th pouch form?

A

glandular cells of superior parathyroid glands

41
Q

what does ventral region of 4th pouch form?

A

Ultimobranchial body (makes parafollicular cells of thymus) cells are derived from neural crest cells

42
Q

What does the 1st cleft form?

A

epithelial lining for external auditory meatus

43
Q

Pharyngeal membrane adult remnant is

A

the tympanic membrane

44
Q

What part of the tonge does arch 1 make?

A

anterior 2/3

45
Q

when does tongue development begin?

A

week 4 of development

46
Q

where does second median swelling of the tonge come from?

A

from the 2nd 3rd and 4th arch

47
Q

what forms the copula?

A

endoderm and underlying mesenchyme of second arch

48
Q

what forms hypobranchial eminence?

A

endoderm and underlying mesenchyme of third and fourth arches

49
Q

does the second arch have any contribution to the mucosa of adult tongue?

A

No the tissue of the 3rd overgrows it

50
Q

what forms the most posterior part of the tonge?

A

tissue from 3rd and 4th arch endoderm, innervated by CNIX and X

51
Q

where do the anterior and posterior parts of the tonge fuse?

A

at terminal sulcus

52
Q

where do muscles of tonge come from?

A

from myotomes of occipital somites that migrate forward to developing tongue, the hypoglossal nerve follows them

53
Q

when does development of the thyroid begin?

A

day 24

54
Q

what does the thyroid first appear as?

A

a thickening of endoderm on the floor of the upper pharynx

55
Q

what forms glandular cells of the thyroid?

A

the thyroid diverticulum

56
Q

what starts forming at the foramen cecum of the developing tongue?

A

the thyroid gland

57
Q

what is the thyroglossal duct?

A

the connection the thyroid has to the foramen secum as it grows and descends through the tissue of the neck

58
Q

what happens to the thyroglossal duct?

A

it degenerates

59
Q

what do follicular cells of thyroid produce?

A

colloid

60
Q

what to parafollicular cells produce?

A

calcitonin

61
Q

when does oropharyngeal membrane rupture?

A

day 26

62
Q

how many facial prominences are there in early development?

A

five

63
Q

what surrounds the stomodeum?

A

by frontal prominence cranially, laterally by 1st arch and caudally by cardiac bulge

64
Q

how many primordia of the five come from first arch?

A

four, the bilateral maxillary prominences and bilateral mandibular prominences

65
Q

What is the fifth prominence?

A

a single midline structure, it is the single frontonasal prominence, ventral to forebrain, it is the upper border of the stomatodeum

66
Q

What forms the intermaxillary segment?

A

the merging of the inferior medial nasal prominces

67
Q

what does the intermaxillary segment give rise to?

A

philtrum of upper lip, upper jaw compoent (where four incisor teeth will form) called premaxillary part of maxilla. And the primary palate

68
Q

When does palate development start?

A

fifth week

69
Q

Do the posterior parts of the lateral palatine process ossify?

A

no

70
Q

where does skeletal muscle come from in soft palate?

A

from myotome cells that have migrated from arches

71
Q

what is the nasopalatine canal? what does it become in an adult?

A

a small canal that persists between premaxillary part of maxilla and palatine process, it becomes the incisive fossa.

72
Q

Why is the incisive fossa important?

A

It is considered to be the dividing landmark between anterior and posterior cleft deformitites

Anatomy II module 1 (7 decks)

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