Head and Neck dissection

Question 1

Which bones make up the cranial base?

Answer 1

The ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, frontal, parietal and temporal bones.

Question 2

What bone makes up the cribriform plate?

Answer 2

Ethmoid bone

Question 3

Which nerve tract passes through the cribriform plate?

Answer 3

Olfactory tract, they support the olfactory bulb

Question 4

What is found within the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 4

Anteroinferior portions of the frontal lobe

Question 5

What is found in between the cribriform plates?

Answer 5

Crista galli, in midline of ethmoid

Question 6

What attaches to the anterior clinoid process?

Answer 6

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 7

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 7

A sheet of dura that separates the cerebrum from cerebellum

Question 8

What separates the anterior and middle cranial fossae?

Answer 8

Lesser wing of sphenoid

Question 9

What foramina are found within the cribriform plate?

Answer 9

Formina for olfactory nerve (CN I) into nasal cavity
Anterior ethmoidal foramen: anterior ethmoidal a, n, v
Posterior ethmoidal foramen: posterior ethmoidal a, n, v

Question 10

What is anosmia?

Answer 10

Loss of sense of smell

Question 11

What cranial foramina does CN I pass through?

Answer 11

Cribriform plate

Question 12

What cranial foramina does CN II pass through?

Answer 12

Optic canal, ophthalmic artery also passes through

Question 13

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 13

CN V1 ophtalmic nerve
CN III occulomotor nerve
CN IV tochlear nerve
CN VI abducens nerve
Lacrimal vein
Superior and inferior opthalmic veins

Question 14

What structure pass through the foramen rotundum?

Answer 14

CN V2 maxillary nerve

Question 15

What structure pass through the foramen ovale?

Answer 15

CN V3 mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

Question 16

What structure pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 16

CN VII facial nerve

CN VIII vestibulocochlear

Question 17

What structure pass through the jugular foramen ?

Answer 17

Inferior petrosal sinus
CN IX Glossopharangeal nerve
CN X Vagus nerve
CN XI cranial part of accessory nerve
Sigmoid sinus

Question 18

What cranial foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through?

Answer 18

Hypoglossal canal in occipital bone

Question 19

What structures pass through foramen magnum?

Answer 19

Medulla
Meninges
Vertebral arteies
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Dural veins
Spinal division of accessory nerve

Question 20

What structures pass through the foramen spinosum?

Answer 20

Middle meningeal artery and vein

Question 21

Which bones make up the facial skeleton?

Answer 21

Zygomatic bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Inferior nasal conchae bone
Palatine bone
Maxilla
Vomer 
Mandible

Question 22

What are the 3 main sutures in adulthood?

Answer 22

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoid suture

Question 23

What structures are held together by coronal suture?

Answer 23

Frontal bone and parietal bones

Question 24

What structures are held together by sagittal suture?

Answer 24

Fuses both parietal bones together

Question 25

What structures are held together by lambdoid suture?

Answer 25

Occipial bone and parietal bones

Question 26

What are the 2 major fontanelles found in neonates?

Answer 26

Frontal fontanelle | Occipital fontanelle

Question 27

Where is the frontal fontanelle found?

Answer 27

At junction between coronal and sagittal sutures

Question 28

Where is the occipital fontanelle found?

Answer 28

At junction between sagittal and lambdoid sutures

Question 29

What is the pterion?

Answer 29

Junction between temporal, parietal, sphenoid and frontal bones, thinnest part of skull

Question 30

What structures lies underneath the pterion?

Answer 30

The middle meningeal artery

Question 31

What happens when there is a fracture to the pterion?

Answer 31

The middle meningeal artery underneath may get lacerated and give rise to an extradural haematoma

Question 32

Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 32

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 33

Which bones make up the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 33

Sphenoid, temporal and parietal bones

Question 34

Which bones make up the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 34

Squamous and mastoid temporal bones, occipital bone

Question 35

What is a depressed fracture?

Answer 35

Fracture with depression of bone inside, due to direct blow to head

Question 36

What is a linear fracture?

Answer 36

A simple break in bone transversing the whole thinkness in the bone and have radiating (stellate) lines away from point of impact, most common head fracture