head and neck embryology

Question 1

which cranial nerves associated with surface ectoderm

Answer 1

I, II, VIII

Question 2

which CNs associated with neuroectoderm

Answer 2

V

Question 3

which cranial nerves associated with paraxial mesoderm

Answer 3

III, IV, V3, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

Question 4

surface ectoderm forms which part of the body

Answer 4

epidermis

Question 5

neuroectoderm forms which part of the body

Answer 5

CNS, PNS

Question 6

surface ectoderm gives rise to

Answer 6

special sense placodes (I, II, VIII)

Question 7

primordia of CN I

Answer 7

nasal placode

Question 8

primordia of CN II

Answer 8

lens placode

Question 9

primordia of CN VIII

Answer 9

otic placode

Question 10

ectomesenchyme is derived from

Answer 10

neural crest cells

Question 11

anterior skull is derived from

Answer 11

neural crest cells

Question 12

posterior skull derived from

Answer 12

paraxial mesoderm

Question 13

when do the pharyngeal arches appear

Answer 13

week 4-5 of development

Question 14

early on, each pharyngeal arch consists of

Answer 14

ectomesenchyme from neural crest cells surrounded by surface ectoderm

Question 15

grooves that separate arches are called

Answer 15

clefts

Question 16

arch 0 is the

Answer 16

frontonasal prominence

Question 17

the mouth forms between which two arches

Answer 17

1a and 1b

Question 18

1a becomes the

Answer 18

maxillary prominence

Question 19

1b becomes the

Answer 19

mandibular prominence

Question 20

name all of the numbered arches

Answer 20

0, 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, 6

Question 21

pharyngeal floor gives rise to

Answer 21

tongue, thyroid gland

it is central so the structures are unpaired

Question 22

each arch contains

Answer 22

nerve, artery, cartilage

Question 23

laryngeal cartilages come from

Answer 23

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 24

cartilage from arches 1-3 comes from

Answer 24

ectomesenchyme

Question 25

all muscle derivatives of the arches come from

Answer 25

paraxial mesoderm

Question 26

primordium of 1-3 arch muscle

Answer 26

somitomeres

Question 27

primordium of 4-6 muscle

Answer 27

occipital somites

Question 28

somitomeres of first arch become

Answer 28

muscles of mastication

Question 29

somitomeres of second arch become

Answer 29

muscles of facial expression

Question 30

somitomeres of third arch become

Answer 30

stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 31

occipital somite of 4-6 arches becomes

Answer 31

laryngeal muscle

Question 32

arch 1 cranial nerve

Answer 32

V

Question 33

arch 2 cranial nerve

Answer 33

VII

Question 34

arch 3 cranial nerve

Answer 34

IX

Question 35

arch 4-6 cranial nerve

Answer 35

X

Question 36

1st arch artery

Answer 36

small part of maxillary artery

Question 37

3rd arch artery

Answer 37

common carotid, proximal internal carotid

Question 38

4 arch artery

Answer 38

aortic arch, proximal subclavian

Question 39

6 arch artery

Answer 39

proximal pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosis

Question 40

laryngeal cartilage comes from

Answer 40

lateral plate mesoderm

Question 41

1st arch cartilagenous structures

Answer 41

- incus - malleus - greater wing of sphenoid - pterygoid plates - sphenomandibular ligament - mandible

Question 42

2nd arch cartilagenous structures

Answer 42

- stapes - styloid process - stylohyoid ligament - lesser horn and upper body of hyoid bone

Question 43

3rd arch cartilagenous structures

Answer 43

greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone

Question 44

arches 4-6 cartilagenous structures

Answer 44

thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage

Question 45

what forms the smooth contour of the adult neck

Answer 45

folding of 2nd arch over 3rd and 4th arches

Question 46

which cleft and membrane persist in adulthood? as what?

Answer 46

1st arch, as the ear

Question 47

nasal placodes develop in the

Answer 47

frontonasal prominence

Question 48

five facial prominences visible in 4th week of development

Answer 48

2 paired maxillary 2 paired mandibular 1 frontonasal

Question 49

derivatives of the frontonasal prominence

Answer 49

- forehead - nose - philtrum - primary palate

Question 50

derivatives of maxillary prominence

Answer 50

- upper cheek - maxilla - zygoma - lateral upper lip - secondary palate

Question 51

derivatives of mandibular prominence

Answer 51

- lower lip - lower cheek - mandible