Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Head and Skull > Flashcards

Head and Skull Flashcards

(102 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the 6 cranial bones?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 5 facial bones?

A

nasal, lacrimal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the glabella?

A

smooth area between eyebrows and above nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the supercilliary arch?

A

bony ridge above eye sockets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the superior and inferior orbital fissure for?

A

opening in sphenoid bone for blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What and where is the infraorbital foramen?

A

opening below eye socket

for blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the vomer?

A

bone that forms the nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the perpendicular plate?

A

vertical portion of the ethmoid bone that forms part of the nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the incisive foramen?

A

opening in maxilla behind incisor teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the zygomatic arch?

A

bony arch formed by zygomatic and temporal bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the 8 parts of the mandible?

A

ramus, condyle, coronoid process, body, mental foramen, mandibular foramen, mandibular fossa, mandibular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a fossa?

A

shallow depression on bone surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mandibular notch?

A

concave area between the mandibular condyle and mandibular coronoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the mandibular ramus?

A

vertical portion of the mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mandibular condyle?

A

rounded projection at superior end of mandible

articulates with temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mandibular fossa?

A

depression in temporal bone = site of articulation with mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

triangular projection on the anterior superior part of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the body of the mandible?

A

inferior horizontal part of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mental foramen?

A

opening on lateral side of mandible body

blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the mandibular foramen?

A

opening on medial surface between mandibular condyle and coronoid process

blood vessels and nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the temporomandibular joint?

A

joint that connects the mandible to the temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

A

fibrous structure separating the joint into 2 parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the external acoustic meatus?

A

opening in temporal bone for ear canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the mastoid process?

A

rounded projection on temporal bone behind ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the styloid process?
pointed projection on temporal bone (sharp-tooth lookin thing)
26
What is the stylomastoid foramen?
opening between styloid process and mastoid process for nerves
27
What is the (foramen) ovale?
opening on sphenoid bone for nerves
28
What is the external occipital protuberance?
bump projection on back of skull
29
What is the occipital condyle?
rounded projections on occipital bone = articulates with atlas
30
What is the occipitofrontalis muscle and its action?
Frontal belly = elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin, protracts scalp Occipital belly = retracts scalp, increases effectiveness of frontal belly
31
What is orbicularis oculi? Action?
close eyelids: - orbital part = tightly/forcibly closes eyelids - palpable part (on eyelid) = blinking = gently closing eyelids
32
What is corrugated supercilli?
draws eyebrows medially downward makes vertical wrinkles of skin between eyebrows
33
What is the nasalis muscle? Action?
draws ala of nose towards nasal septum = compresses nostrils, alar part opens nostrils flares nostrils
34
What is orbicularis oris?
oral sphincter tonus closes mouth - phasic contraction compresses and protrudes lips (kissing) - resists distension (when blowing)
35
What is levator labii superioris?
elevates or evert upper lip deepens nasolabial sulcus = sad face dilates nares
36
What is levator labii aleque nasi?
elevates upper lip dilates nostrils
37
What is procerus?
(at glabella) wrinkles nosebridge draws eyebrows medially downward makes transverse wrinkles over nosebridge
38
What is the action of zygomaticus minor?
elevate or everts upper lip deepen nasolabial sulcus = sad face
39
What is the action of zygomaticus major?
draws angle of mouth backwards and upward smiles = elevates labial comissure bilaterally sneer = elevates labial comissure unilaterally
40
What are the 7 dilator muscles of the mouth?
levator labii superioris, zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris
41
What is the buccinator?
cheek muscle compresses cheeks against molar teeth aids in mastication resists distension when blowing
42
What is the levator anguli oris?
grining or grimacing faces widens oral fissure
43
What is the risorius?
frown = depresses labial commissure bilaterally retracts corners of mouth
44
What is the depressor anguli oris?
depresses angle of mouth
45
What is the depressor labii inferioris?
lateral downward depresses or everts lower lip = pouting
46
What is the mentalis?
elevates and protrudes lower lip elevates skin of chin
47
What nerve is responsible for facial expressions?
facial nerve (CN VII)
48
What nerve is responsible for SENSATIONS of the face?
trigenminal nerve (CN V)
49
Which nerve supplies sensation to ear and surrounding area?
greater auricular nerve
50
What is the origin and distribution of the greater auricle nerve?
origin = C2 and C3 spinal nerves via cervical plexus Distribution = skin over mandible and inferior lobe of auricle; parotid sheath
51
Which nerve supplies sensation to the back of the scalp?
lesser occipital nerve
52
What is the origin and distribution of the lesser occipital nerve?
origin = C2 and C3 spinal nerves via cervical plexus distribution = scalp posterior to auricle
53
Which nerve supplies sensation to the back of the head and neck?
greater occipital nerve
54
What is the origin and distribution of the greater occipital nerve?
origin = medial branch posterior ramus of C2 distribution = scalp of occipital region
55
Which artery supplies blood to the entire face?
facial artery
56
What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?
branched from common carotid (Inferior to Superior): **S**uper Thyroid **A**scending Pharyngeal **L**ingual **F**acial **O**ccipital **P**osterior Auricular **M**axillary **S**uperficial Temporal **S**ome **A**ngry **L**adies **F**igured **O**ut **P**ostmenopausal **S**ymptoms
57
What is the action of levator palpebrae superioris?
elevates upper eyelid
58
What is the superior oblique eye muscle? Action & innervation
ABducts, Depresses, and Medially Rotates eyeball Nerve = Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
59
What is the inferior oblique eye muscle? Action & innervation
ABducts, Elevates, Laterally Rotates eyeball Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
60
What is the superior rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation
Elevates, ADducts, Medially Rotates eyeball Nerve = Oculomotor (CN III)
61
What is the inferior rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation
Depresses, ADducts, Laterally Rotates eyeball Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
62
What is the medial rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation
ADducts eyeball Nerve = Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
63
What is the lateral rectus muscle of the eye? Action and innervation
ABducts eyeball Nerve = ABducens nerve (CN VI)
64
What are the components of the lacrimal apparatus?
lacrimal gland, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct
65
What is the sclera?
tough white outer layer of eyeball
66
What is the choroid?
vascular layer between sclera and retina
67
What is the cilliary body?
controls lens shape makes aqueous humor
68
What is the iris?
controls pupil size (colored part of eye)
69
What is the pupil?
allows light to enter eye opening at center of iris (dark dot)
70
What is the retina?
innermost layer of eye, has photoreceptor cells
71
What is the optic disc?
blind spot where optic nerve exits eyeball
72
What is the cornea?
transparent layer at front of eye covering iris and pupil
73
What is aqueous humor?
clear fluid between cornea and lens
74
What is the lens?
focuses light onto retina transparent structure behind iris
75
What is vitreous humor?
gel-like substance in eyeball between retina and lens
76
What are the 4 muscles of mastication?
temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid, medial pterygoid
77
What is the origin (proximal attachment) and insertion (distal attachment) of the temporalis muscle?
Origin: Temporal Fossa (floor) and Fascia (deep surface) Insertion: Coronoid process (medial surface) and mandibular Ramus (anterior border)
78
What innervates the temporalis?
Trigeminal 3 (CN V3) --> temporal branches --> anterior trunk mandibular nerve
79
What is the action of the temporalis?
elevates mandible = closes jaws retracts mandible 1º
80
What is the origin (proximal attachment) and insertion (distal attachment) of the masseter?
Origin: - zygomatic arch (medial surface and inferior border) - maxillary process (zygomatic bone, medial surface) Insertion: Mandibular Ramus (lateral surface of angle)
81
What innervates the masseter muscle?
Trigeminal nerve (CN V3) = mandibular branch
82
What is the action of the masseter muscle?
elevates mandible = closes jaw 1º protrusion of mandible (superficial fibers)
83
What innervates the lateral and medial pterygoids?
anterior trunk mandibular nerve trigeminal 3 (CN V3)
84
What is the action of the lateral pterygoid?
Bilaterally = - protracts mandible - depresses chin Unilaterally = - swings jaw toward contralateral side
85
Which extrinsic muscles of the tongue is innervated by the hyoglossal nerve (CN XII)
hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus
86
Which extrinsic muscles of the tongue is innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)
palatoglossus via Pharyngeal plexus
87
What is the action of the hyoglossus muscle?
Depresses and Retracts tongue
88
What is the action of the genioglossus muscle?
Depresses and Protrudes tongue
89
What is the action of the styloglossus muscle?
Elevates and Retracts tongue aids in swallowing
90
What is the action of the palatoglossus muscle?
Elevates Posterior tongue Depresses palate
91
Which artery supplies blood to the tongue?
lingual artery
92
Where can you find the lingual nerve?
superficial to the medial pterygoid
93
What is the lingual nerve?
branch of mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve CN V3 provides sensory innervation to tongue
94
What are the 3 salivary glands?
submandibular, parotid, and sublingual
95
Where is the submandibular gland?
located under mandible
96
Where is the parotid gland?
near the ear
97
Where is the sublingual gland?
under the tongue
98
What are the 9 parts of the nasal cavity?
- septal cartilage - vomer - superior conchae and meatus - middle conchae and meatus - inferior conchae and meatus - nasolacrimal duct
99
What is the superior conchae and meatus?
bony structure warms and humidifies inhaled air
100
What is the middle conchae and meatus?
bony structure fliters inhaled air
101
What is the inferior conchae and meatus?
bony structure moisturizes inhaled air
102
What does a nasolacrimal duct do?
drains tears from eye into nasal cavity

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions