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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > Head and Trunk Bones > Flashcards

Head and Trunk Bones Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones is the skull made up of?

A

8 Cranial bones
14 Facial bones

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2
Q

What do the cranial bones do?

A

Protect the brain

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3
Q

What do the facial bones do?

A

Responsible for the shape of the face (appearance), eating, breathing, smelling.

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4
Q

Except for the mandible, how do the bones of the skull articulate?

A

Articulate with each other through joints known as sutures.

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5
Q

What are the holes in the skulls known as?

A

Foramina and meatus

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the foramina and meatus?

A

Passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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7
Q

What joints make up the skull?

A

Sutures - no movement
Temporomandibular - allows movement

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8
Q

What 4 bones make up the cranial?

A
  1. Occipital bone
  2. Frontal bone
  3. Temporal bone (mastoid process)
  4. Mandible
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9
Q

What is the anatomical term for the central part of the body?

A

Trunk/Torso

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10
Q

What does the torso include?

A
  1. Neck
  2. Thorax
  3. Abdomen
  4. Pelvis
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11
Q

Which bones make up the spine?

A

Vertebrae

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12
Q

What are the 6 roles of the vertebrae?

A
  1. Protects spinal cord (nervous system)
  2. Support head movements
  3. Movements of upper and lower limbs (base of support)
  4. Shock absorbers - spinal curvature and intervertebral discs
  5. Upright posture - antigravity role
  6. Joint for the ribcage - respiration, protects heart and lungs.
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13
Q

How many individual bones make up the spine?

A

33 interlocking vertebrae.

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14
Q

What shape does the spine look like from the side?

A

An ā€˜Sā€™

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15
Q

What does the shape of the spine allow?

A

Allows for an even distribution of weight and flexibility of movement.
Acts as a shock absorber during walking and running.

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16
Q

What are the names and order of the groups of vertebrae?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

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17
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical?

A

7 bones

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18
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic?

A

12 bones

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19
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar?

A

5 bones

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20
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?

A

5 fused bones

21
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?

A

4 fused bones

22
Q

What are the 5 components of the vertebrae irregular bones?
These components do not apply to C1 and C2.

A
  1. Body
  2. Spinous Process
  3. Transverse Process
  4. Superior and Interior Articular Process and Facet
  5. Vertebral Foramen
23
Q

What is Cervical C1 or Atlas?

A

Anterior and posterior arches (without vertebral body) connected by the transverse process.

24
Q

What is Cervical C2 or Axis?

A

Atypical cervical vertebra with unique features : the adontoid process (or dens) which is embryologically the vertebral body of the atlas C1.

25
Q

What do all cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7) have?

A

A hole called transverse foramen in each of their transverse processes.

26
Q

What is a transverse foramen?

A

An opening that is occupied by the vertebral artery and vein.

27
Q

What are the 6 components of the C3 to C7 vertebrae?

A
  1. Body
  2. Spinous Processes
  3. Vertebral Foramen
  4. Transverse Process
  5. Superior and Inferior Articular Process
  6. Transverse foramen
28
Q

What is the longest region of the spine?

A

Thoracic spine/Thoracic cage

29
Q

What is the thoracic spine made up of?

A

12 vertebrae labelled T1-T12

30
Q

What does the thoracic spine do?

A

Articulates the rib cage

31
Q

What kind of structure is the rib cage?

A

Cartilaginous

32
Q

What does the rib cage do?

A

Protects and supports the heart and lungs.

33
Q

What are the 5 components of the thoracic vertebrae T1-T12?

A
  1. Body
  2. Spinous Process
  3. Transverse Process
  4. Superior and Inferior Articular Process
  5. Vertebral Foramen
34
Q

What kind of bones are the ribs?

A

Long bones

35
Q

What are the rib bones made up of?

A

Head and neck

36
Q

What joints are found at the ribs?

A

Plane joints

37
Q

What kind of bone is the sternum?

A

Flat bone

38
Q

What is the sternum made up of?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

39
Q

What is the sternum also known as?

A

Sternal jugular notch

40
Q

What are the Lumbar vertebrae labelled as?

A

L1-L5

41
Q

What is the difference between the vertebrae found in the lumbar in comparison to the thoracic and cervical?

A

They are stronger and larger

42
Q

Where is the most damage in the intervertebral discs found?

A

Lumbar spine

43
Q

Why is the most damage in the intervertebral discs found in the lumbar spine?

A

High mechanical stress

44
Q

What are the 5 components found in the L1-L5 vertebrae?

A
  1. Vertebral body
  2. Spinous Process
  3. Transverse Process
  4. Superior and Inferior Articular Process and Facet
  5. Vertebral Foramen
45
Q

What shape is the sacrum?

A

A shield shape

46
Q

Where is the sacrum located?

A

At the base of the vertebrae which is connected to the pelvis (hip bones)

47
Q

What kind of bone is the sacrum?

A

An irregular bone

48
Q

What 3 components make up the sacrum?

A
  1. Base of the sacrum with the promontory
  2. Ala (wings)
  3. Sacral foramen

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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