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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics > Head and Trunk Muscles > Flashcards

Head and Trunk Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles do the trunk include?

A

40, including 20 muscle pairs

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2
Q

What are the trunk muscles divided into?

A
  1. Superficial or extrinsic back muscles
  2. Deep or intrinsic back muscles
  3. Abdominal muscles
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3
Q

What do the superficial or extrinsic muscles do?

A

Associated with movements of the limbs (they can also move the spine). In particularly, movement of the scapula and the upper limb.

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4
Q

What do the deep or intrinsic muscles do?

A

Only associated with movements of the spine

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5
Q

What do the abdominal muscles do?

A

Only associated with movements of the spine

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6
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Head lateral flexion (unilateral), head flexion (bilateral), head rotation

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7
Q

Where is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Manubrium of sternum, clavicle

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8
Q

Where is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Mastoid process of temporal bone

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9
Q

What is the action of the trapezius (upper)?

A

Clavicle elevation

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10
Q

Where is the origin of the trapezius (upper)?

A

Occipital protuberance, spinous processes C1-C7

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11
Q

Where is the insertion of the trapezius (upper)?

A

Lateral third of clavicle

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12
Q

What is the action of the trapezius (middle)?

A

Scapula elevation, scapula retraction

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13
Q

Where is the origin of the trapezius (middle)?

A

Spinous processes of C7-T3

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14
Q

Where is the insertion of the trapezius (middle)?

A

Acromion and upper border of spine of scapula

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15
Q

What is the action of the trapezius (lower)?

A

Scapula depression, scapula retraction

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16
Q

Where is the origin of the trapezius (lower)?

A

Spinous processes of T4-T12

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17
Q

Where is the insertion of the trapezius (lower)?

A

Medial spine of scapula

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18
Q

What is the action of the rhomboids?

A

Scapula retraction

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19
Q

Where is the origin of the rhomboids?

A

Spinous processes of C7-T1, T2-T5

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20
Q

Where is the insertion of the rhomboids?

A

Medial border of scapula

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21
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Humerus extension, Humerus adduction, Humerus internal rotation

22
Q

Where is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar dorsal fascia, lower 3 ribs, spinous processes of T7-T12

23
Q

Where is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

24
Q

Where are the deep or intrinsic back muscles found?

A

Extend from skull to base of sacrum

25
Q

What are the deep or intrinsic back muscles associated with?

A

Movement of the spine only

26
Q

What are the intrinsic back muscles crucial for?

A

Stabilising the spine

27
Q

What are the deep or intrinsic back muscles made up of?

A

Erector spine and Multifidus

28
Q

What 3 muscles make up the erector spine?

A

illiocostalis, longissimus and spinalis

29
Q

What is the action of the illiocostalis?

A

Spine extension (bilateral contraction), spine lateral flexion and rotation (unilateral connection)

30
Q

Where is the origin of the illiocostalis?

A

Spinous processes T11-L5, Posterior sacral crests, Posterior illiac crest

31
Q

Where is the insertion of the illiocostalis?

A

Lower 6 ribs (lumbar region), lower 6 to upper 6 ribs (thoracic region) upper 6 ribs and transverse processes C4-7 (Cervical region)

32
Q

What is the action of the longissimus?

A

Spine extension (bilateral contraction), spine lateral flexion and rotation (unilateral connection)

33
Q

Where is the origin of the longissimus?

A

Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae (thoracic region), spinous processes of T1-6 (cervical region), spinous processes of T1-5 and C4-7 (capitis region)

34
Q

Where is the insertion of the longissimus?

A

Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, adjacent ribs (thoracic region), transverse processes C2-6 (cervical region), mastoid processes of the temporal bone (capitis region)

35
Q

What is the action of the spinalis?

A

Spine extension (bilateral contraction), spine lateral flexion and rotation (unilateral contraction)

36
Q

Where is the origin of the spinalis?

A

Spinous processes of T11-L2 (thoracic region), spinous processes of C7 (clavicle region)

37
Q

Where is the insertion of the spinalis?

A

Spinous processes of T1-6 (thoracic region), spinous processes of C2-C6 (cervical region)

38
Q

What is the action of the multifidus?

A

Stabilise the vertebrae, spine extension (bilateral contraction), spine lateral flexion and rotation (unilateral contraction)

39
Q

Where is the origin of the multifidus?

A

Posterior sacrum, transverse processes of L5-C1

40
Q

Where is the insertion of the multifidus?

A

Spinous processes of L5-C1

41
Q

Where are the abdominal muscles located?

A

Between the ribs and the pelvis on the front of the body.

42
Q

What 4 things do the abdominal muscles do?

A
  1. Allow movement of the trunk (flexion and rotation)
  2. Stabilise the lumbar spine
  3. Hold abdominal organs
  4. Respiration (expiration)
43
Q

What 3 muscles make up the abdominal muscles?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. External oblique
  3. Transverse abdominis
44
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

Lumbar flexion

45
Q

Where is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

Crest of pubis and symphysis

46
Q

Where is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

Cartilage of the ribs 5-7, xiphoid process

47
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

Rotation of the trunk

48
Q

Where is the origin of the external oblique?

A

Outer borders of lower 8 ribs and costal cartilage

49
Q

Where is the insertion of the external oblique?

A

Iliac crest, linea alba, pubic symphysis, inguinal ligament

50
Q

What is the action of the transverse abdominis?

A

Stabilisation of the lumbar spine and pelvis

51
Q

Where is the origin of the transverse abdominis?

A

Lateral third of inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior two-thirds of inner iliac crest, inner surface of lower 6 ribs

52
Q

Where is the insertion of the transverse abdominis?

A

Linea alba

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Biomechanics (14 decks)

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