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NE Exam 1 > Head Angiology > Flashcards

Head Angiology Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

Scalp Arteries

A
  • Occipital A (from External Carotid A)
  • Posterior Auricular A (from External Carotid A)
  • Superficial Temporal A (from External Carotid A)
  • Supraorbital A (from Ophthalmic A)
  • Supratrochlear A (from Ophthalmic A)
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2
Q

Two main arteries that supply the head:

A

(1) Internal Carotid A
(2) External Carotid A

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3
Q

Superficial vasculature of face and scalp is primarily supplied by:

A

External Carotid A

*** EXCEPTIONS: Supra-orbital and Supratrochlear from Internal Carotid A

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4
Q

5 Main Superficial Arteries of the External Carotid Artery in the Head

A

(1) Facial
(2) Occipital
(3) Posterior Auricular
(4) Superficial Temporal
(5) Mental

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5
Q

What are the 4 branches of the Facial A?

A

(1) Inferior Labial
(2) Superior Labial
(3) Lateral Nasal
(4) Angular (Terminal branch!)

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6
Q

What is the terminal branch of the Facial A?

A

Angular A

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7
Q

Facial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Ascends deep to the submandibular gland, winds around inferior border of mandible and enters face
Distribution: Muscles of facial expression and face

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8
Q

Inferior Labial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A near angle of mouth
Course: Runs medially in lower lip
Distribution: Lower lip

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9
Q

Superior Labial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A near angle of mouth
Course: Runs medially in upper lip
Distribution: Upper lip and ala (side) and septum of nose

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10
Q

Lateral Nasal Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Facial A as it ascends alongside nose
Course: Passes to ala of nose
Distribution: Skin on ala and dorsum of nose

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11
Q

Angular Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Facial A
Course: Passes to medial angle of eye
Distribution: Superior part of cheek and inferior eyelid

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12
Q

Occipital Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Passes medial to Posterior Belly of Digastric and Mastoid Process, accompanies Occipital N in occipital region
Distribution: Scalp of back of head

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13
Q

Posterior Auricular Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: External Carotid A
Course: Passes posteriorly deep to the parotid gland along the styloid process between mastoid process and ear
Distribution: Auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle

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14
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery
Origin:
Course:

A

Origin: Smaller terminal branch of external carotid artery
Course: Ascends anterior to ear to region and ends in scalp
Distribution: Facial muscles, skin of temporal and frontal regions

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15
Q

What are the two branches of the Superficial Temporal Artery?

A
  • Frontal Branches
  • Parietal Branches
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16
Q

Transverse Facial Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Superficial Temporal A within Parotid Gland
Course: Crosses face superficial to Masseter and inferior to Zygomatic Arch
Distribution: Parotid gland and duct, muscles and skin of face

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17
Q

Mental Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Inferior Alveolar A
Course: Emerges from mental foramen and passes to chin
Distribution: Facial muscles and skin of chin

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18
Q

Supra-Orbital Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Opthalmic A
Course: Passes superiorly from supra-orbital foramen
Distribution: Muscles and skin of forehead, scalp, and superior conjuctiva

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19
Q

Supratrochlear Artery
Origin:
Course:
Distribution:

A

Origin: Terminal branch of Opthalmic A
Course: Passes superiorly from supratrochlear notch
Distribution: Muscles and skin of forehead, scalp, and superior conjuctiva

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20
Q

What are the 13 branches of the Maxillary Artery?

A

(1) Inferior Alveolar*
(2) Anterior Tympanic
(3) Deep Auricular
(4) Middle Meningeal*
(5) Massenteric
(6) Anterior Deep Temporal*
(6) Posterior Deep Temporal*
(7) Pterygoid Branches
(8) Buccal*
(9) Descending Palatine (Greater and Lesser Branches)*
(10) Posterior Superior Alveolar*
(11) Infraorbital*
(12) Artery of Pterygoid Canal
(13) Sphenopalatine*

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21
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the Maxillary Artery?

A
  • Mandibular
  • Pterygoid
  • Pterygopalatine
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22
Q

Facial Artery

A
  • Major arterial supply to the face
  • Runs under and then crosses the mandible
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23
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery

A
  • Smaller terminal branch of external carotid
  • Emerges onto the face between the TMJ and ear
  • Divides into frontal and parietal branches
  • Supplies facial muscles, and skin of temporal and frontal regions
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24
Q

Occipital Artery

A
  • Most posterior branch of External Carotid A
  • Supplies scalp of the posterior head
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25
Posterior Auricular Artery
- Branch of External Carotid A - Supplies auricle of ear and scalp posterior to the auricle
26
What artery is the main supplier of the meninges (especially the dura) and overlying calvaria?
Middle Meningeal Artery
27
Inferior Alveolar Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies mandible, teeth and gingiva
28
Anterior Tympanic Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies Tympanic Cavity
29
Deep Auricular Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies TMJ and External Auditory Canal
30
Massenteric Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies Masseter muscle
31
Deep Temporal Arteries
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies Temporalis muscle
32
Pterygoid Branches of Maxillary Artery
Supplies Pterygoid muscles
33
Buccal Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies buccal mucosa
34
What are the two branches off of the Descending Palatine Artery?
(1) Greater Palatine A (2) Lesser Palatine A
35
Greater Palatine Artery
Supplies hard palate
36
Lesser Palatine Artery
Supplies soft palate, palatine tonsil, and pharyngeal wall
37
Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies maxillary molars, maxillary sinus and gingiva
38
Infraorbital Artery
- Branch of Maxillary A - Supplies Maxillary Alveoli
39
What are the two branches of the Sphenopalatine Artery?
(1) Lateral Posterior Nasal Arteries (2) Posterior Septal Branches
40
Lateral Posterior Nasal Artery
- Branch of Sphenopalatine A off of Maxillary A - Supplies lateral wall of nasal cavity and choanae
41
Posterior Septal Branches of Sphenopalatine Artery
Supplies nasal septum
42
Arteries of the Orbit
(1) Ophthalmic (2) Central Retinal (3) Supra-orbital (4) Supratrochlear (5) Lacrimal (6) Dorsal Nasal (7) Short Posterior Ciliaries (8) Long Posterior Ciliaries (9) Posterior Ethmoidal (10) Anterior Ethmoidal (11) Anterior Ciliary (12) Infra-orbital
43
Ophthalmic Artery
- Branches from Internal Carotid Artery - Traverses optic foramen to reach orbital cavity
44
Central Retinal Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Pierces dural sheath of optic nerve and runs to eyeball - Branches from center of optic disc - Supplies optic retina
45
Supra-Orbital Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Passes superiorly and posteriorly from supra-orbital foramen to supply forehead and scalp
46
Supratrochlear Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Passes from supra-orbital margin to forehead and scalp
47
Lacrimal Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Passes superior border of lateral rectus muscle to supply Lacrimal Gland, Conjuctiva and eyelids
48
Dorsal Nasal Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Course along dorsal nose and supplies surface
49
Short Posterior Ciliary Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Pierces sclera at periphery optic nerve to supply choroid -> supplies cones and rods of retina
50
Long Posterior Ciliary Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Pierce sclera to supply ciliary body and iris
51
Posterior Ethmoidal Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Passes through Posterior Ethmoidal Foramen to Posterior Ethmoidal Cells
52
Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
- Branch off Ophthalmic A - Passes through Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen to anterior cranial fossa - Supplies anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, and skin on dorsum of nose
53
Anterior Ciliary Artery
- Origin: muscular branches of ophthalmic and infra-orbital arteries - Pierces sclera at attachments of rectus muscles and form networks in iris and ciliary body
54
Infra-Orbital Artery
- From 3rd part of Maxillary A - Passes along infra-orbital groove and foramen to face
55
Venous drainage of the orbit is through the __ and ___ ___ veins
Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins
56
What do the Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins drain into?
Cavernous Sinus
57
Superior and Inferior Ophthalmic Veins
- Do not have valves - Drain into the Cavernous Sinus (venous complex that surrounds pituitary gland)
58
What CN run through the Cavernous Sinus?
- CN III (Oculomotor) - CN IV (Trochlear) - CN VI (Abducent) - CN V1 (Ophthalmic) - CN V2 (Maxillary)
59
Cavernous Sinus
- Large venous plexus located on each side of the Sella Turcica on the upper surface of the body of the Sphenoid, which contains the sphenoidal (air) sinus - Consists of a venous plexus of extremely thin-walled veins that extend from the superior orbital fissure anteriorly to the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone posteriorly
60
What veins/sinuses does the Cavernous Sinus receive blood from?
- Superior Ophthalmic V - Inferior Ophthalmic V - Superficial Middle Cerebral V - Sphenoparietal Sinus
61
___ Vein empties into the Internal Jugular V but does have other anastomoses too.
Facial
62
___ __ veins join the ___ vein to form the Retromandibular V
- Superficial Temporal - Maxillary
63
___ vein joints the ___ ___ vein to make the External Jugular vein
- Retromandibular - Posterior Auricular
64
What veins anastomose with intracranial veins?
- Supratrochlear - Supraorbital - Angular (off Facial V)
65
___ veins are veins that connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium
Emissary
66
What veins can facilitate the spread of exterior infections into the cranium?
Emissary Veins
67
What are the three membranous connective tissue layers that make-up meninges?
(1) Dura Mater: tough, thick external fibrous layer (2) Arachnoid Mater: thin intermediate layer (3) Pia Mater: delicate internal vascular layer
68
What space does CSF circulate in?
Subarachnoid Space
69
Internal Meningeal Layer of Dura Mater
Supporting layer that reflects away from the external periosteal layer of dura to form dural infoldings (reflections)
70
Function of Dural Infoldings
- Divide the cranial cavity into compartments, forming partial partitions (dural septa) between certain parts of the brain - Provide support for other parts of the brain
71
What are the 4 main Dural Infoldings?
(1) Falx Cerebri (2) Falx Cerebelli (3) Tentorium Cerebelli (4) Diaphragma Sellae (Sellar Diaphragm)
72
Falx Cerebrii
- Separates the two cerebral hemispheres - the dural infolding in the sagittal plane
73
Tentorium Cerebelli
Separates Cerebellum from the Cerebrum
74
Falx Cerebelli
- Separates the hemispheres of the Cerebellum
75
Diaphragma Sellae
- Anchor point in the base of the skull - Lines the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone
76
Arteries of the Lip
Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries (branches of the facial arteries) anastomose with each other in the lips to form an arterial ring around the lips
77
Arteries of the Teeth
Superior and Inferior Alveolar Arteries (branches of the Maxillary A) supply the Maxillary and Mandibular teeth
78
Which artery supplies the Maxillary teeth?
Superior Alveolar A
79
Which artery supplies the Mandibular teeth?
Inferior Alveolar A
80
What artery is the main supplier of the hard palate?
Greater Palatine A (branch of Descending Palatine A)
81
Lesser Palatine Artery
- Smaller branch of the Descending Palatine A that also supplies the palate - Enters the palate through the lesser palatine foramen and anastomoses with the Ascending Palatine A (branch of Facial A)
82
Arteries of the Tongue are derived from the ___ Artery which arises from the ___ ___ A
- Lingual - External Carotid
83
What artery is the main supplier of the soft palate?
Lesser Palatine A (off Descending Palatine A; anastomoses with Ascending Palatine A)
84
Lingual Artery passes deep to the ___ muscle to enter the tongue
Hypoglossus
85
What arteries supply the root of the tongue?
Dorsal Lingual Arteries
86
Lingual Septum
- Continuation of lingual aponeurosis through center of tongue - Prevents communication of dorsal lingual arteries
87
Deep Lingual Arteries
- Supply body of the tongue - Communicate near apex of the tongue
88
What are the main veins of the tongue?
Dorsal Lingual Veins
89
Deep Lingual Veins
- Begin at apex of tongue - Run posteriorly beside lingual frenulum to join sublingual vein
90
The sublingual veins in elderly people are often ___
Varicose (enlarged and tortuous)
91
Drainage of the Veins in the Tongue
Some or all of the veins may drain into the Internal Jugular Vein, or they may do so indirectly, joining first to form a lingual vein that accompanies the initial part of the lingual artery
92
Most of the lymphatic drainage of the tongue converges toward and follows the ___ drainage
venous
93
Lymph from the Apex of the Tongue drains into:
Submental Lymph Nodes
94
Lymph from the Lateral Tongue drains into:
Submandibular Lymph Nodes
95
Lymph from the Frenulum of the tongue drains into:
Superior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
96
Lymph from the Central Tongue drains into:
Inferior Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
97
Arterial Supply of the Medial and Lateral Walls of the Nasal Cavity
(1) Anterior Ethmoidal A (2) Posterior Ethmoidal A (3) Sphenopalatine A (4) Greater Palatine A (5) Septal branch of Superior Labial A
98
Venous blood from the external nose drains mostly into the __ vein via the ___ and ___ nasal veins
- Facial - Angular and Lateral
99
Submucosal Venous Plexus
- Located deep to the nasal mucosa - Venous drainage of nose via sphenopalatine, facial and ophthalmic veins
100
Why is the submucosal venous plexus important?
Important part of the body's thermoregulatory system (exchanges heat and warming air before it enters the lungs)
101
Kiesselbach Area
- Front of the nasal septum containing a rich supply of blood vessels - Common site of bleeding
102
Maxillary Artery, a terminal branch of the External Carotid Artery, passes anteriorly through the ____ ___
Infratemporal Fossa
103
Pterygopalatine Part of Maxillary Artery
- Third part of the Maxillary A (last part before it gives off its terminal branches) - Passes medially through the Pterygomaxillary Fissure and enters the Pterygopalatine Fossa - Lies anterior to the Pterygopalatine Gnaglion and gives rise to branches that accompany all nerves entering and exiting the fossa, sharing the same names with many

NE Exam 1 (14 decks)

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